conclusions based on existing data, hiv infection surveillance, performance of standard precaution, and post exposure prophylaxis with anti-retroviral drugs outlined in this review article represent reasonable interim approaches to this complex problem. context human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) concentrated in injecting drug users (idus) ...

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background: infection with trichostrongylus spp. is common among human and herbivorous in most parts of iran, especially in southern and northern ar-eas. the aim of present study was to identify trichostrongylus spp. among hu-man population using excreted egg specimens, by the molecular method, in mazandaran province, northern iran. methods: overall, 33 positive fecal specimens were randomly sa...

human papillomavirus (hpv) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide and is the etiological agent of cervical and other anogenital malignancies. since hpvs have been shown to possess oncogenic potential, an association between hpv infection and prostatic cancer (pca) has been suggested. there are conflicting reports on the impact of hpv infection on the develop...

objectives: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome “aids” in human and demonstration of hiv-1 genome in samples is accepted as evidence of infection. transmission of infection during window period in blood transfusion settings is a world wide concern. also there is a need for a rapid, sensitive and accurate technique to detect hiv-1 infe...