in this paper, by analyzing some data from persian andenglish, it is shown thatpragmatically there are two main kinds of euphemisms.the first (common euphemisms) are used to be polite and not to hurt other'sfeelings on several subjects like sexual relations, death, birth, body parts,disability, mental illness, intelligence and insults. on the other hand,language users by substituting the f...

Children and adolescents encounter different hurtful experiences in school settings. How these events are processed (e.g., whether they think that the transgressor was hostile) is likely to depend on the relationship with the transgressor. In this study, we examined how adolescents (58 girls and 35 boys, mean age=14.03 years, SD=0.60) dealt with the hurt caused by someone they liked or disliked...

Based on appraisal theory (Lazarus 1991, 1999), this study examined the degree to which primary and secondary cognitive appraisals of hurtful messages predict the amount of hurt individuals feel, and the coping behaviors they enact. This study presents a significant step forward in its operationalization of both primary and secondary appraisal variables by treating hurt as an outcome, rather th...