This paper presents a novel method for fabricating nanopillar micropatterns for surface-directed liquid flows. It employs hybrid mask lithography, which uses a mask consisting of a combination of a photoresist and nanoparticles in the photolithography process. The nanopillar density is controlled by varying the weight ratio of nanoparticles in the composite mask. Hybrid mask lithography was use...

The main problem in liquid porosimetry, which prevents to see the pore sizes smaller than 2 microns in diameter, is direct gas diffusion flow through a micro-porous membrane. This diffusion causes bubbles formation below the membrane and that spoils extrusion (intrusion) data, as one cannot distinguish the volume of extrusion (intrusion) liquid from the volume of formatted bubbles. The suggeste...

This paper provides a critical review about the integration of electrochemical processes into membrane bioreactors (MBR) in order to understand the influence of these processes on wastewater treatment performance and membrane fouling control. The integration can be realized either in an internal or an external configuration. Electrically enhanced membrane bioreactors or electro membrane bioreac...

This paper deals with the extraction of L-Theanine containing Aliquat 336 as a carrier and cyclohexane as solvent across bulk liquid membrane. The optimum operation condition are as follows: extraction time of 150 min, initial concentration of theanine in the feed phase is 1.8 g/L, the carrier concentration is 0.5 M, the ion of the receiving phas...

Thanks to advances in materials science and manufacturing technology, membranes are now available for stable liquid-liquid extraction processes. Rigorous calculation models can be used calculate the membrane areas required a specific separation task as well optimize module design. Rapid tests determine basic suitability kinetic parameters. Thus, general requirements exploiting advantages of thi...

Subject to a compressive membrane force, a solid film on a liquid layer may form wrinkles. When the solid film is very thin, surface stresses contribute to the membrane force. When the liquid layer is very thin, the two interfaces bounding the liquid interact with each other through forces of various physical origins. We formulate the free energy of the solid-on-liquid structure, and carry out ...