The title compound, C9H12O5, is a bicyclic lactone, presenting a 2,6-dioxabi-cyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one skeleton, which was obtained through an intra-molecular lactonization. The bicyclic lactone presents a cis ring-junction and a 1,5-trans-substituted tetra-hydro-furan. Both five-membered rings are in twisted envelope conformations with one of the fused C atoms as the flap. The dihedral angle be...

In this paper, we develop a dynamic Bertrand model of competition among hydroelectric (hydro) generators. Unlike other competitors in electricity generation markets, hydro generators’ current pricing decisions affect their future productive capacity through their impact on available water reserves. Our model assumes that each player uses a Markov strategy based on the current state of water res...

In the title mol-ecule, C13H14N2O3S, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring is in a flattened sofa conformation, with the methine C atom forming the flap. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the five essentially planar atoms of the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring [maximum deviation = 0.056 (4) Å] and the benzene ring is 89.4 (2)°. The O atom of the carbonyl group is in a trans conformation with respect...

The title compound, C(18)H(16)O(2), was prepared by reduction of 2-(5,6,7,8-tetra-hydro-2-naphtho-yl)benzoic acid with zinc dust. The benzene ring in the tetra-hydro-naphthyl substituent is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one ring [87.15 (4)°]. The cyclo-hexane unit has a half-chair conformation in which two methylene groups in the tetra-methyl-ene bridge are disord...

This paper presents a hydraulic hybrid vehicle drive train to improve the fuel efficiency of a passenger car. The developed hydro-mechanical drive train enables independent control of the torque at each wheel. The motivation for developing this drive train is a hydraulic hybrid vehicle test bed for the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power at the University of Minnesota. The hydro-mechan...

This research presents an integrated system of computer software, networking and web-based display developed and deployed to allow drainage management authorities immediate access to results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Hydrological Extension model, WRF-Hydro. Output data from the model are analyzed by a chain of GIS, database and web publishing tools to forge updated and rea...

Hydro ontologies are digital artifacts that contain representations of hydrological entities. They are being constructed to advance interoperability within and between all kinds of water data networks. Increased growth of such networks, however, requires integration of a greater variety of data, which requires a more general and principled approach to hydro ontology. One such approach is the de...

This study presents analysis of pico-hydro electrical power plant in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The objective of this study is to get a design of axial turbine pico-hydro electrical power plant. The method used the study of literature, survey the construction site of the power plant and the characteristics of the location being a place of study, analysis of hydropower ability and analyzing cost...

The title compound, C(17)H(18)NO(+)·I(-), is an adduct resulting from an intra-molecular Diels-Alder reaction of methallyl chloride with 3,4-dihydro-1-furylisoquinoline. The cation comprises a fused penta-cyclic system containing three five-membered rings (dihydro-pyrrole, dihydro-furan and tetra-hydro-furan) and two six-membered rings (tetra-hydro-pyridine and benzene). The five-membered rings...

The purpose of this study was to examine histologically the effects of propolis topical application to dental sockets and skin wounds. After topical application of either a 10% hydro-alcoholic solution of propolis or 10% hydro-alcoholic solution alone, cutaneous wound healing and the socket wound after tooth extraction were examined. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 15 and 21 days after the...