Because of small surface area to volume ratios nanoscale devices can exhibit dominant surface forces that can quickly degrade unlubricated contacting surfaces. While fluorinated materials have been widely used as lubricants, because of their low critical surface tension and high thermal and mechanical stability, fluorinated monolayer coatings, which are suitable for lubricating nanoscale device...

The total hydrocarbon content removal in nutrient amendment and natural attenuation at day 56 showed percentage removal of 89 and 74, respectively. Total heterotrophic and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count increased progressively in all the treatment options. The nutrient amendment showed greater removal of the hydrocarbon pollutants. The physicochemical analyses at day 56 were within...

a crude biosurfactant mixture was produced in a 1.4 l tubular reactor by a mixed culture; afterthe thermal treatment of the whole culture an increase in emulsification activity and surface tension wasobserved, with a main effect on the first one. the emulsification index of the mixture obtained was of 60.4 %. the crude mixed biosurfactant was used to enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation of intemp...

Abstract Kuwait has proven conventional oil reserves of about 100 billion barrels which makes it one the major oil-producing countries worldwide. Most this reserve is found in Cretaceous and Jurassic with minor quantities Paleogene sedimentary successions. hydrocarbon production comes from siliciclastic Burgan Formation most important reservoir Kuwait. The Lower exhibit good quality source rock...

Autochthonous microorganisms inhabiting hydrocarbon polluted marine environments play a fundamental role in natural attenuation and constitute promising resources for bioremediation approaches. Alcanivorax spp. members are ubiquitous in contaminated surface waters and are the first to flourish on a wide range of alkanes after an oil-spill. Following oil contamination, a transient community of d...

Due to the large contribution of the coldstart process to unburned hydrocarbon emissions of an internal combustion engine during FTP cycle tests, we take a new look at the production of hydrocarbons inside the combustion chamber during coldstart. To this end a model is developed which predicts the exhaust port hydrocarbon concentration, exhaust gas temperature and equivalence ratio based on a s...

Literature on hydrocarbon degradation in extreme hypersaline media presents studies that point to a negative effect of salinity increase on hydrocarbonoclastic activity, while several others report an opposite tendency. Based on information available in the literature, we present a discussion on the reasons that justify these contrary results. Despite the fact that microbial ability to metaboli...

Hazards caused by leakage of hydrocarbons have long been a problem. In this paper, the critical initiation energy and explosion limits of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures have been measured in confined (rectangle shock tube) and unconfined (plastic bag) condition tests. Two dimensionless parameters are suggested to compare the fire and explosion hazards of different hydrocarbons. Additionally, a s...

We have used spin labels and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to study the correlation between the rotational dynamics of protein and lipid in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. A short-chain maleimide spin label was used to monitor the submillisecond rotational mobility of the Ca-ATPase enzyme (using saturation transfer EPR); a free fatty acid spin label was used to monitor the submic...

The ever-increasing recovery rate of natural resources from terrestrial impact craters over the last few decades across globe offers new avenues for further exploration mineral and hydrocarbon in such settings. As today, 60 208 have been identified to host diverse as hydrocarbons, metals construction materials. potential plausible resource contributors energy sector is therefore, worthy conside...