The efficiency of antimalarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), in the prevention treatment coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is under intense debate. mechanisms action antimalarials against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we applied a network-based comparative analysis, implemented our machine learning workflow—scTenifold...

Abstract Objectives Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used as an off label for the management of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) infection with other drugs. However, different genetic variants can affect metabolism HCQ leading to inter-individual differences in its efficacy. In this study, we investigated effects CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 on risk Covid-19 among patients receiving controlling rhe...


 Purpose: To analyze drug information queries related to treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), and azithromycin submitted a local poison center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
 Methods: This retrospective study explored HCQ-, CQ-, azithromycin-related inquiries the Drug Poison Information Center at Security Forces Hospital Program, Arabia. These were analyzed quantitati...

OBJECTIVE The response to single disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) is often suboptimal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus, despite the limited data on the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapies, many patients are currently treated with a combination of DMARDs. METHODS We studied prospectively the efficacy of combination therapy with DMARDs. The study was design...

The annual incidence of Plasmodium vivax malaria that reemerged in the Republic of Korea (ROK) in 1993 increased annually, reaching 4,142 cases in 2000, decreased to 864 cases in 2004, and once again increased to reach more than 2,000 cases by 2007. Early after reemergence, more than two-thirds of the total annual cases were reported among military personnel. However, subsequently, the proporti...

A potent therapy for the infectious coronavirus disease COVID-19 is urgently required with, at time of writing, research in this area still ongoing. This study aims to evaluate vitro anti-viral activities combinations certain commercially available drugs that have recently formed part therapy. Dual combinatory drugs, namely; Lopinavir-Ritonavir (LOPIRITO)-Clarithromycin (CLA), LOPIRITO-Azithrom...

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, intracellular self-defense mechanism in which organelles and proteins are sequestered into autophagic vesicles that are subsequently degraded through fusion with lysosomes. Cells, thereby, prevent the toxic accumulation of damaged or unnecessary components, but also recycle these components to sustain metabolic homoeostasis. Heightened autophagy is a me...

Gefitinib (Iressa(®), ZD1839) is a small molecule inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. We report on an early cellular response to gefitinib that involves induction of functional autophagic flux in phenotypically diverse breast cancer cells that were sensitive (BT474 and SKBR3) or insensitive (MCF7-GFPLC3 and JIMT-1) to gefitinib. Our data show that elevation...