indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving efl learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics brown (2001). accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

AIM: This study compared the effect of traditional and virtual oral hygiene instruction to school health instructors on plaque index (PI) elementary schoolchildren. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this descriptive, analytical study, 66 schools in Kermanshah city were selected by cluster sampling. The first participated a pretest filled out questionnaire. O’Leary’s 339 schoolchildren was measured at b...

this study investigates and compares the efficacy of differentiated instruction and traditional-based instruction on enhancing iranian students’ reading comprehension. eight elementary, intermediate, and advanced classrooms from 1 language institute were chosen, and based on their performance on the pretests were further divided into 4 control and 4 treatment groups. flexible grouping, tiered i...

405 Schools are viewed by the health sector and the community as playing a key role in solving society’s health problems. This is true in both developed and developing countries. The emerging obesity/overweight problems of the developed world, and poor sanitation and basic hygiene in many developing countries are just two of the many topics, which may find their way into a school’s curriculum. ...

Drug-influenced gingival enlargement is considered to be an important side effect related the use of some medications and often produces esthetic changes for patients, as well clinical symptoms such pain, bleeding, abnormal tooth movement occlusion problems. Anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants antihypertensive drugs have been reported main inducers these periodontal disorders. This case report ...

Here, we report a case of severe tooth wear associated with a patient's inappropriate efforts to reduce oral malodor. A 72-year-old male patient visited our breath clinic complaining of strong breath odor. Former dentists had performed periodontal treatments including scaling and root planing, but his oral malodor did not decrease. His own subsequent breath odor-reducing efforts included daily ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Braun Plak Control for the removal of supragingival plaque and improving gingival health in a long-term clinical trial, and to compare it to regular manual toothbrush. Assessed were plaque accumulation, amount of gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding on probing, and calculus. In total, 77 young individuals were selected...