The preparation of stable amorphous pemetrexed disodium of pharmaceutical purity as well as the process optimization for the preparation of the hemipentahydrate form of pemetrexed disodium are described. Analytical methods for the polymorphic and chemical purity studies of pemetrexed disodium and pemetrexed diacid forms were developed. The physicochemical properties of the amorphous and hydrate...

Traffic is one of the major sources of harmful airborne particles worldwide. To relate exposure to adverse health effects it is important to determine the deposition probability of the inhaled particles in the human respiratory tract. The size-dependent deposition of 12-580 nm particles was measured with a novel setup in 9 healthy subjects breathing by mouth on the windward side of a busy stree...

While water uptake of aerosols exerts considerable impacts on climate, the effects of aerosol composition and potential interactions between species on hygroscopicity of atmospheric particles have not been fully characterized. The water uptake behaviors of potassium chloride and its internal mixtures with water soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) related to biomass burning aerosols including oxal...

One of the most persistent problems with mechanically densified wood is its inherent dimensional instability. The effects of heat post-treatment on the changes in spring-back (SB), compression ratio recovery (CRR), thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA) of newly-tested Uludağ fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood samples that had been thermo-mec...

Organic aerosol is a highly complex mixture of ~10 4 -10 5 unique compounds all possessing their own set physicochemical properties such as saturation vapour pressure and hygroscopicity. Most these...

Abstract. Aerosol hygroscopicity strongly influences the number size distribution, phase state, optical properties, and multiphase chemistry of aerosol particles. Due to large organic species in atmospheric aerosols, determination ambient aerosols remains challenging. In this study, we measured hygroscopic properties 23 organics, including carboxylic acids, amino sugars, alcohols, using a tande...

Black carbon (BC) is a short term climate forcer that directly warms the atmosphere, slows convection, and hinders quantification of the effect of greenhouse gases on climate change. The atmospheric lifetime of BC particles with respect to nucleation scavenging in clouds is controlled by their ability to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). To serve as CCN under typical conditions, hydroph...

Food protein hydrolysates and peptides are considered a category of promising functional food ingredients. However, commercial application of protein hydrolysates and their constituent peptides can be impeded by their low bioavailability, bitter taste, hygroscopicity and likelihood of interacting with the food matrix. Encapsulation as a delivery mechanism can be used to overcome these challenge...

Wood-TiO2 (titania) composites were prepared by a sol-gel process, in which wood was impregnated with the precursor solutions prepared from tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), followed by a curing step. The surface morphology and moisture absorption behavior of the wood composites, as well as their thermal and mechanical performances, were examined. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) anal...