Although altered consciousness and other neurologic manifestations are frequently seen in hypertensive encephalopathy, behavioral and psychotic symptoms are rarely seen. We describe a patient with no previous psychiatric history who was admitted for hypertensive crisis. A few days after admission, his blood pressure remained uncontrolled and he started to exhibit episodes of confusion, agitatio...

Background Hypertensive emergency is an emergent case which all prompt consideration should be taken. Due to control of hypertension less cases of emergent hypertension is seen nowadays; so the data from April 2012 to Dec 2012 in internal ward of the regional hospital shows 305 cases (113 males and 192 females) recorded aged between 16 90 years with the average of 49 years. Number of admitting ...

hypercapnia there is an upper blood pressure limit beyond which autoregulation fails and cerebral blood flow increases (Ekstrdm-Jodal et al., 1971). Such an upper limit of autoregulation was found in four ofour patients but seemed unrelated to their Paco2. No evidence of arteriolar spasm at high pressure was found in any of the patients studied. The 5 to 10 minutes of steady state maximum blood...

posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pres) is associated with various clinical manifestations such as headache, blurred vision, confusion and tonic-clonic convulsion. some of the predisposing factors for pres include hypertensive encephalopathy, preeclampsia and eclampsia, lupus erythematosus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. this condit...

Epidemiological data on the impact of hypertensive crises (emergencies and urgencies) on referral to the Emergency Departments (EDs) are lacking, in spite of the evidence that they may be life-threatening conditions. We performed a multicenter study to identify all patients aged 18 years and over who were admitted to 10 Italian EDs during 2009 for hypertensive crises (systolic blood pressure ≥2...

Purpose of review The severity of hypertensive crises is determined by the presence of target organ damage rather than the level of blood pressure. Hypertensive urgencies with no signs of organ dysfunction can therefore be distinguished from hypertensive emergencies in which the presence of severe end-organ damage requires prompt therapy. Hypertensive emergencies include acute aortic dissection...