This study investigated the participation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system in the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge evaluating oxytocin (OXT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plasma levels in vivo and their release from hypothalamic fragments in vitro. LPS increased OXT and TNF-alpha release through anandamide-activation of hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor CB(...

Hypothalamic glioma account for 10-15% of supratentorial tumors in children. They usually present earlier (first 5 years of age) than craniopharyngioma. Hypothalamic glioma poses a diagnostic dilemma with craniopharyngioma and other hypothalamic region tumors, when they present with atypical clinical or imaging patterns. Neuroimaging modalities especially MRI plays a very important role in scru...

The proline-rich peptide (PRP-1) isolated from neurosecretory granules of the bovine neurohypophysis, produced by N.supraopticus and N.paraventricularis, has many potentially beneficial biological effects. PRP-1 been shown to have opposite effects on cell death in neurodegenerative cancer diseases. It significantly reduces staurosporine-induced apoptosis postnatal hippocampal cells, as well dox...

Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) comprise part of the cyclic metabolic pathway to produce nitric oxide (NO). ASS is one of the arginine synthesis enzymes which synthesizes argininosuccinate from aspartate and citrulline, and NOS forms NO and citrulline from arginine. This study examines the localization of ASS and NOS in the cat hypothalamus using nicotinamide ...

Some pathological conditions with feeding pattern alterations, including obesity and Huntington disease (HD) are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Additionally, the hypothalamus is a neurogenic region with the constitutive capacity to generate new cells of neuronal lineage, in adult rodents. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the expression of feeding-re...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reports of MR imaging in hypothalamic hamartomas associated with epilepsy are few, and the number of patients studied is small. We aimed to detail the relationship of hypothalamic hamartomas to surrounding structures, to determine the frequency and nature of associated abnormalities, and to gain insight into mechanisms of epileptogenesis. METHODS We systematically exami...

The rather small hypothalamus contains a large number of more or less well-defined cell groups that are of utmost importance for preserving the individual and the species. The hypothalamus is involved in a wide variety of functions in the brain and is characterized by numerous connections with practically every major part of the central nervous system (CNS), including the cerebral cortex, the h...

Objective(s): Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide involved in substance and energy metabolism. To confirm the hypothesis that ghrelin might be involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a rat NAFLD model was established and the changes of ghrelin were explored.Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into control and NAFLD gro...

Puberty is a complex process that culminates in the acquisition of psychophysical maturity and reproductive capacity. This elaborate fascinating marks end childhood. Behind it lies complex, genetically mediated neuroendocrine mechanism through which gonads are activated thanks to fine balance between central inhibitory stimulating neuromodulators hormones with both peripheral action. The onset ...

Interactions between the immune and nervous systems play an important role in modulating host susceptibility and resistance to inflammatory disease. Neuroendocrine regulation of inflammatory and immune responses and disease occurs at multiple levels: systemically, through the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids released via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation; regionally, th...