Moist and temperate Caspian forests are associated with a diversity of soil types and topography.  Although, natural history and ecological attributes of the Caspian vegetation is well-documented, little is known about mycorrhizae of the Caspian (Hyrcanian) flora. Samples of herbaceous plant species were collected from 4 pre-determined altitudes (-13 upto about 1500m above sea level, appro...

Aim of the study: Forest fuel classification and characterization is a critical factor in wildfire management. The main purpose this study was to develop custom models for accurately mapping spread compared standard models. Area conducted at replanted forest dominated by coniferous species, Arabdagh region, Golestan Province, northern Iran. Material methods: Six were developed characterize vege...

We studied the modern pollen rain in two different landscapes from Hyrcanian lowland forests up to slopes of Alborz Mountains Gilan province for first time. Pollen traps were installed one year and moss samples collected along altitudinal transects 100 1800 m 2300 elevations. The results counting environmental DNA barcoding (metabarcoding) compared 32 locations. In total, 81 vascular plant spec...

Water-yield assessment is crucial to effectively achieve water supply management at the basin scale. It affected by climate change, and Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC). This paper quantifies combined impact of LULCC change on yield over short long-term periods in Haraz basin, Iran. has experienced severe forest degradation, agricultural expansion, urbanization. Most lands are within plains c...

Forest ecosystems play multiple important roles in meeting the habitat needs of different organisms and providing a variety services to humans. Biodiversity is one structural features dynamic complex forest ecosystems. One most challenging issues assessing understanding relationship between biodiversity environmental factors. The aim this study was investigate effect biotic abiotic factors on t...

Biological disturbances are integral to forest ecosystems and have pronounced effects on resistance, resilience, diversity. The Hyrcanian mixed forest, in northern Iran, is at risk of declining diversity due ongoing pressure from land use change, harvesting, biological disturbances. We analyzed the resistance resilience this area under two (i.e., oak charcoal fungus, Biscogniauxia mediterranea ...