The internal limiting membrane (ILM), the basement membrane of the Müller cells, serves as the interface between the vitreous body and the retinal nerve fiber layer. It has a fundamental role in the development, structure, and function of the retina, although it also is a pathologic component in the various vitreoretinal disorders, most notably in macular holes. It was not until understanding o...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with the surgical enlargement of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in patients who had previously undergone failed idiopathic macular hole (IMH) surgery. In the study, 134 eyes from 130 IMH patients who had received PPV combined with ILM peeling surgery (2 disk diameters) were analyz...

BACKGROUND To report a case of late closure of idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) after vitrectomy with the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) technique. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old lady with a stage IV FTMH underwent pars plana vitrectomy with 25 gauge plus transconjunctival system, ILM peeling and gas tamponade. The inverted ILM flap technique was adopted, except that ...

PURPOSE To investigate the difference in the occurrence of postoperative epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with and without peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). METHODS The medical records of the 135 patients, who underwent vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment from November 2007 to August 2011, were analyzed retrosp...

Recently, there has been a massive innovation of online loans and good purchases using pay later with installment schemes. The phenomenon inevitably brings into controversies among the public recalling old discussion about bank interest. Although Islamic scholars have formulated religious edict (fatwa) interest, some look unfirm, such as that NU (Nahdlatul Ulama’). This writing aims to portray ...

This research explores Tafsir bi al-Ma'tsur, or Qur'an interpretation via history. qualitative method uses literature and historical interpretation. paper discusses the history of its restrictions, scholarly disagreements over it. study finds that al-Ma'tsur is an based on Qur'anic verses, Prophet Muhammad's viewpoints, companions, scholars, commencing with verses verses. 'an, Qur'an's hadith, ...

Intrinsic localized mode (ILM) is spatially localized and temporally periodic oscillation in nonlinear coupled oscillators. We numerically investigate the dynamical stability of ILMs in a microcantilever array, in which ILMs were experimentally observed by M. Sato et al. It is found that the stability change of ILMs is due to the ratio in nonlinear potentials. This phenomenon also occurs in the...