Maslen et al. (2013) have provided us with a comprehensive overview of the current legislation regulating non-clinical cognitive enhancement devices (CEDs) in the European Union and have proposed a specific model whereby CEDs would be regulated in the same way as medical devices. An alternative model would be to require manufacturers to quantify risks only. Irrespective of the purported 'benefi...

The behavioral biology of the first instar larva of Cactoblastis cactorum was studied from the time of eclosion until the colony penetrated and initiated excavation of the host plant. Hatching from an egg stick was asynchronous, requiring 20 h for the entire cohort to eclose at 50%-70% RH and significantly longer at a lower range of RHs. On eclosion, neonates aggregated in an arena at the base ...

Increasingly calls for more sustainable construction have occasioned more actions towards sustainability. A meaningful sustainable construction is inimical without significant cultural and behavioural change in how the construction industry manages its safety issues. It is based on these calls that this paper assesses the practical approach to sustainable construction practices through safety c...

Although various animal tissues are used for bioassay of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), a rapid bioassay dependent upon a plant part's response does not exist. Both pollen germination (G) and tube elongation (TE) were enhanced in a 3.0 mM KH2PO4 (K)-containing but AFB1-lacking, modified Dickinson's medium. The B1 did not affect G when K was withheld but K supplementation impaired G above 15 micro...

Metal accumulation in seeds is a prerequisite for germination and establishment of plants but also for micronutrient delivery to humans. To investigate metal transport processes and their interactions in seeds, we focused on METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 (MTP8), a tonoplast transporter of the manganese (Mn) subclade of cation diffusion facilitators, which in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is exp...

Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were infected with the NY99 strain of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) and then incubated under constant temperatures of 10-30 degrees C. At selected time intervals, transmission was attempted using an in vitro capillary tube assay. The median time from imbibing an infectious bloodmeal until infected females transmitted WNV (median e...

Introduction Colloidal self-assembly has been a widely explored approach for the generation of templates for photonic band gap (PBG) structures. This route possesses the advantage of being less tedious and expensive than the alternative layer-by-layer direct fabrication techniques that have been proposed. On the other hand, self-assembly routes are at a disadvantage with regard to their inheren...

In this paper, I bring out the contrasts between two different approaches to student learning: that of computational learning scientists and socio-cultural anthropologists, and suggest some implications and directions for learning research in MOOCs. Computational learning scientists see learning as a matter of imbibing particular knowledge propositions, and therefore understand teaching as a wa...

– Spectroscopy was performed along three distinct crystallographic axes of a high refractive index contrast photonic crystal and the spectra were compared with theoretical calculations. Deep dips were observed in the experimental spectra at 2.1 and 3.2μm and predicted by calculations. The photonic crystal was prepared through melt-imbibing of selenium into a self-assembled face-centered-cubic c...

Ants are one of evolution’s great success stories. Arising in the mid-Cretaceous about 120 million years ago, they now comprise a diverse assemblage of approximately 20,000 species and have colonized most of the world’s terrestrial biomes. They impose a strong ecological footprint in many communities in their varied roles as scavengers, predators, granivores, and herbivores. In some tropical fo...