In this study, different context-dependent effects of imidacloprid exposure on the honey bee response were studied. Honey bees were exposed to different concentrations of imidacloprid during a time period of 40 days. Next to these variables, a laboratory-field comparison was conducted. The influence of the chronic exposure on gene expression levels was determined using an in-house developed mic...

In many states, Japanese beetle, Popilliajaponica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), is no longer quarantined, and management is left to professional applicators and consumers. Adult management in hybrid tea rose, Rosa L., was compared among biorational insecticides, novel imidacloprid applications (tablet, gel, and root dip), and conventional insecticides. Efficacy of biorational insecticides u...

Plastic UV reßective mulch (metalized mulch) and wheat straw mulch delayed colonizationbyBemisia argentifoliiBellows&Perring and the incidenceof aphid-borneviruses in zucchini squash. No insecticides were used in either mulch treatment. The mulches were compared with a preplant treatment of imidacloprid and an untreated, unmulched control. In 2000, yield ofmarketable fruit in the plastic and st...

tunneling and activity bioassays of chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and imidacloprid treated sand were conducted in the laboratory using Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). termites tunneled significantly less through sand treated with 1.0 ppm concentrations of fipronil and imidacloprid compared to the control and chlorfenapyr. Mortality after 7 d was 57, 25, and 29% for fipronil, chlorfenapyr, and imida...

Habituation of the proboscis extension reflex (PER) in honeybees (Apis mellifera) is age-dependent. Very young bees (< or =7 days old) require significantly less trials to abolish the response to multiple sucrose stimulations than older bees (> or =8 days old). A nicotinic agonist, imidacloprid, modifies this behaviour by increasing the number of trials in < or =7-day-old bees and by decreasing...

Imidacloprid, the most used systemic insecticide, is suspected of having harmful effects on honeybees at nanogram per bee or at microgram per kilogram levels. However, there is a lack of methodology to detect imidacloprid and its metabolites at such low levels. We developed a method for the determination of low amounts of imidacloprid in soils, plants (leaves and flowers), and pollens by using ...

The isolated effects of a single insecticide can be difficult to assess in natural settings because of the presence of numerous pollutants in many watersheds. Imidacloprid use for suppressing hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in forests offers a rare opportunity to assess potential impacts on aquatic macroinvertebrates in relatively pristine landscapes. Aqu...

The coccinellid predator Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) is found throughout the central and eastern United States and is a potential biological control agent for interiorscapes. Currently, the systemic insecticide imidacloprid is widely used in interiorscape and landscape integrated pest management. Effects of imidacloprid on the Þtness and behavior of C. maculata were examined by conÞning grou...

Bumble bees are important pollinators whose populations have declined over recent years, raising widespread concern. One conspicuous threat to bumble bees is their unintended exposure to trace residues of systemic neonicotinoid pesticides, such as imidacloprid, which are ingested when bees forage on the nectar and pollen of treated crops. However, the demographic consequences for bumble bees of...

Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. Its concentration in surface water exceeds the water quality norms in many parts of the Netherlands. Several studies have demonstrated harmful effects of this neonicotinoid to a wide range of non-target species. Therefore we expected that surface water pollution with imidacloprid would negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. A...