The consequences of traumatic injuries are pulp necrosis, periapical inflammation, and possible external cervical resorption (ECR). concomitant cessation root maturation dentinogenesis in premature teeth result a fragile tooth. Revascularization the might be an alternative treatment option. A 12-year-old patient was referred for retreatment chronic apical periodontitis with acute exacerbation a...

Dens evaginatus is a disturbance in tooth formation that appears clinically as an accessory occlusal tuberculated cusp composed of enamel and dentin, usually enclosing pulp tissue. The tubercle often fractures or is worn away, with subsequent pulp exposure leading to pulpal inflammation, necrosis, and periapical inflammation. When this happens to an immature tooth, diagnosis may be complicated ...

A revascularization procedure was shown to be the best alternative therapy for immature teeth with necrotic pulp and apical infection. A 12 year old female with a history of trauma to her upper central incisor and a sinus tract was referred for endodontic treatment. She was an active orthodontic patient and had undergone regenerative endodontic treatment for the past 2 years. Clinical examinati...

It is well known that exposure to environmental cadmium causes itai-itai (ouch-ouch) disease. However, the exact mechanism underlying this bone disease remains unresolved. By focusing on the calcification mechanism, we examined developing tooth enamel in rats exposed to cadmium to test the hypothesis that cadmium exposure may cause defects in crystal formation. Electron microscopy revealed the ...

This report describes the case of an 8-year-old boy that was referred to endodontic and orthodontic treatment after suffering an injury that led to intrusion of the maxillary right permanent central incisor, palatal displacement of the upper right lateral incisor, and root fracture of both central incisors. Both injured teeth were immature and had open apices. The intruded tooth was repositione...

The purpose of this report was to present the case of a patient wherein revascularization of the necrotic infected pulp space of an immature permanent maxillary central incisor tooth was induced in vivo by stimulation of a blood clot from the periapical tissues into the canal space. This was achieved after disinfection of the canal space with a topical antibiotic paste followed by a blood clot ...

An immature tooth with pulpal necrosis and periapical pathology imposes a great difficulty to the endodontists. Endodontic treatment options for such teeth consist of conventional apexification procedure with and without apical barriers. Various materials have been tried as apical matrix in the past. This article demonstrates the newer concept of using platelet rich fibrin membrane as an apical...

Treatment of the young permanent tooth with a necrotic root canal system and an incompletely developed root is very difficult and challenging. Few acceptable results have been achieved through apexification but use of long-term calcium hydroxide might alter the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, one alternative approach is to develop and restore a functional pulp-dentin complex. Procedures ...