Pig immunoglobulins The pig immunoglobulin system has now been well characterized and has been the subject of two recent reviews (Bourne, 1971a; Porter & Allen, 1972). Three immunoglobulin classes are recognized which on the basis of their physicochemical properties and antigenic relationships may be regarded as analogous to human IgG, IgM and IgA. Some of the properties of pig immunoglobulins ...

IgG antibodies are multi-domain proteins with complex inter-domain interactions. Human IgG heavy chains (HCs) associate with light chains (LCs) of the κ or λ isotype to form mature antibodies capable of binding antigen. The HC/LC interaction involves 4 domains: VH and CH1 from the HC and VL and CL from the LC. Human Fabs with κ LCs have been well characterized for their unfolding behaviors and ...

The finding that the antibody (Ab) constant (C) region can influence fine specificity suggests that isotype switching contributes to the generation of Ab diversity and idiotype restriction. Despite the centrality of this observation for diverse immunological effects such as vaccine responses, isotype-restricted antibody responses, and the origin of primary and secondary responses, the molecular...

The lineage leading to lungfishes is one of the few major jawed vertebrate groups in which Ig heavy chain isotype structure has not been investigated at the genetic level. In this study, we have characterized three different Ig heavy chain isotypes of the African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus, including an IgM-type heavy chain and short and long forms of non-IgM heavy chains. Northern blot ...

bronchiectasis is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by abnormal dilated thick-walled bronchi. to investigate humoral immune function in bronchiectatic patients, this study was performed . forty patients with established diagnosis of bronchiectasis, who were referred from two tertiary care pulmonology centers in tehran, were investigated in this study. immunoglobulin isotypes concen...

Previous studies on a limited number of birds suggested that the IgD-encoding gene was absent in birds. However, one of our recent studies showed that the gene was definitely expressed in the ostrich and emu. Interestingly, we also identified subclass diversification of IgM and IgY in these two birds. To better understand immunoglobulin genes in birds, in this study, we analyzed the immunoglobu...

Although purified capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B (CpsB) is not immunogenic at any age, CpsB on the bacterial surface elicits antibody responses late in ontogeny. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the ontogeny of the murine anti-CpsB response to N. meningitidis could determine key parameters regarding the poor immunogenicity of CpsB. The effects of bacterial dose, hype...

Secondary antibody responses are marked by faster kinetics, improved antibody affinity and a switch from IgM to other immunoglobulin isotypes, most notably IgG, compared with primary responses. These changes protect from reinfection and represent the principle of most vaccination strategies. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that underlie B-cell memory responses are unclear. Here we show, by inacti...

Abstract Dysregulated humoral immune mechanisms result in immunoglobulin production that is pathogenic and contributes to a wide range of autoimmune diseases transplant rejection. Proteases derived from human pathogens can specifically cleave these immunoglobulins (Ig) potentially eliminate circulating, cell-surface immune-complex Ig classes modulate Ig-mediated autoimmunity inflammation, provi...

During B cell development, two somatic DNA recombination events occur at the immunoglobulin heavy chain loci: VDJ recombination and class switch recombination (CSR). VDJ recombination assembles antigen receptor genes from a pool of gene segments. CSR exchanges the μ constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene for the other isotypes (γ1, γ2a, γ2b, γ3, α or ε). In both cases, the targe...