Two things are striking about this medieval definition. The first is that it is very close to the modern conception of formal consequence one finds in Bolzano and Tarski3. The second is that although Buridan and the other fourteenth-century logicians state these distinctions with a great deal of precision, they say almost nothing about the point of the distinctions. Why are these distinctions d...

This paper develops a probabilistic reconstruction of the No Miracles Argument (NMA) in the debate between scientific realists and anti-realists. The goal of the paper is to clarify and to sharpen the NMA by means of a probabilistic formalization. In particular, I demonstrate that the persuasive force of the NMA depends on the particular disciplinary context where it is applied, and the stabili...

Elastic wave propagation in anisotropic media is well represented by elastic wave equations. Modeling based on elastic wave equations characterizes both kinematics and dynamics correctly. However, because Pand S-modes are both propagated using elastic wave equations, there is a need to separate Pand S-modes to efficiently apply single-mode processing tools. In isotropic media, wave modes are us...

Pore-scale flow simulations were conducted to investigate the permeability tensor of anisotropic porous media constructed using the Voronoi tessellation method. This construction method enabled the introduction of anisotropy to the media at the particle level in a random and yet controllable way. Simulations were carried out for media with different degrees of anisotropy through varying the mea...

A bistable negative lens with a large aperture size (~10mm) by integrating a polarization switch of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) with a passively anisotropic focusing element is demonstrated. The proposed lens not only exhibits electrically tunable bistability but also fast response time of sub-milliseconds. The tunable lens power is from 0 to -1.74 Diopters. The electro-optical propert...