Among the many surviving architectural edifices of the pre-Safavid Islamic era in Iran, there are mainly the burial places, religious and public benefit buildings. However, as a matter of fact, throughout a time span of a thousand years, from the beginning of Islam until the Safavids, there is not a considerable number of palaces which belong to the pre-Safavid Iran. Therefore, the main questio...

abstract u.s. attack to afghanistan after 9/11 provided opportunities for us who tried to become the dominant power after collapse of ussr and bipolar world. thinkers like fukuyama believed american liberal democrats thought would be universally accepted without resistances. liberal democracy is the best and final model of governance; in this regard, united state has moral responsibilities for...

the present study has tried to accomplish an analysis of margaret atwood’s novels oryx and crake, and the year of the flood in the light of posthuman and cyborg theories. considering posthumanism as a critical reading of some notions of humanism focus of which in this thesis has been identity, new definitions for humanity and human identity are formed. haraway’s cyborg, as one possible new figu...

It is inevitable to have a common currency to do business and trading transactions within the Islamic Common Market. To fully comprehend the high significance of Islamic Common Currency, suffice it that one notices euro and US dollar used in transactions among member countries of Islamic Common Market are channeled to inject Islamic countries’ capitals into western and European economies while ...

One of the most important requirements for the realization of the Islamic state is to base the legal system of the Islamic state on religious principles and criteria. The debate about the religious criterion of the Islamic state law has been going on for a long time, from the constitutional era to the present day, and it has been intertwined with the basic question of the necessity and what is ...

the rise and stublishment of safavid dynasty was depend on triangle of tasavof, tashayo and royalty, kings legitimized their power upon these. therefore for the understanding the functions of that period we must explore the role of this elements. although application and emphsise upon dignities such as; complete mentor (morshede kamel), deputy of absent imam (nayebe imame ghayeb), and god’s sha...