The initiation of X-chromosome inactivation in female mammals is controlled by a key locus, the X-inactivation centre (Xic). The Xist gene, which maps to the candidate region for Xic and is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome, is thought to be an essential component of the Xic. To test whether sequences spanning several hundred kilobases and including Xist from the Xic region a...

The development of new virus inactivation procedures has become an area of growing interest mainly due to increased demands concerning the safety of biological products. Photochemical processes represent the most promising methods for the future to inactivate viruses. In these methods, dyes are the most widely used photosensitising reagents. The current article covers a new interesting alternat...

glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) was purified from streptomyces aureofaciens and inactivated with butanedione and diethylpyrocarbonate. incubation of the enzyme with butanedione resulted in a rapid activity loss (80%) within 5 min, followed by a slow phase using a molar ratio to enzyme concentration of 100. fluorescence studies showed a conformational change in the butanedione-modified ...

How do mammals count their X chromosomes and keep only one X active per cell? In this issue, Jonkers et al. (2009) show that Rnf12/RLIM, encoded by the X-linked gene Rnf12, induces X chromosome inactivation only when present above a certain threshold, a condition fulfilled when at least two Xs are active.

Mammalian X inactivation, imprinting, and allelic exclusion are classic examples of monoallelic gene expression. Two emerging themes are thought to be critical for monoallelic expression: (1) noncoding, often antisense, transcription linked to differential chromatin marks on otherwise homologous alleles and (2) physical segregation of alleles to separate domains within the nucleus. Here, we hig...

The Xist gene is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome and plays a central role in regulating X chromosome inactivation. Here we describe experiments aimed at defining the extent of the active chromatin domain of the expressed Xist allele. By using an allele-specific general DNaseI sensitivity assay we show that there is preferential digestion of the expressed allele at sites wit...

Ref: Retrospective Evaluation of Low-pH Viral Inactivation and Viral Filtration Data from a Multiple Company Collaboration John Mattila, Mike Clark, Shengjiang Liu, et al. PDA J Pharm Sci and Tech 2016, 70 293-299
Access the most recent version at doi:10.5731/pdajpst.2016.006478 Due to a mathematical error we would like to submit an erratum for figure 6 p298.

A general approach is presented for developing small molecule-based fluorogenic probes suitable for no-wash imaging of endogenous kinases in live cells. Probe 1, including a fluorophore-quencher system, was only "turned on" upon reacting with its target kinase Btk, and disclosed Btk's cellular location in live cells without any washing.

The gene MIC2 is located in the pseudoautosomal region at the ends of the short arms of the X and Y chromosomes. In females MIC2 escapes X inactivation. We have analyzed the methylation pattern of MIC2 on the active X, the inactive X chromosomes, and the Y chromosome. The 5' end of the gene contains a GC rich region which is unmethylated on the active X, the inactive X and on the Y. The body of...

About 90% of patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) have vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) gene mutations that are inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Although most female carriers are asymptomatic, some female carriers show polydipsia and polyuria. The reason why female carriers show NDI symptoms is explained by skewed X-inactivation. We studied X-inactivation pat...