today, due to qualitative growth and scientific advances, energy, especially electricity is increasingly needed by human society. one of the almost endless and pure energy which have been paid attention over the years is the solar energy. solar cells directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and are one of the main blocks of photovoltaic systems. significant improvement has been made...

introduction: the human skin is an active medium from the optical point of view. therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employing light are increasing. current optical techniques are based on the measurement of the intensity of reflected absorbed or backscattered light from or within skin. studies have shown that biological tissues, and in particular skin, demonstrate polarization...

scattering of an incoming wave train by a discontinuity at the upper surface of the ocean over a uniform porous bottom of finite depth is considered here in the framework of linearized water wave theory. by employing residue calculus method, the reflection and transmission coefficient are obtained. these coefficients are computed numerically for different values of the porosity parameter g and ...

Although the excitation of localized surface plasmons is associated with enhanced scattering and absorption of incoming photons, only the latter is relevant for the efficient conversion of light into heat. Here we show that the absorption cross section of gold nanoparticles is sensibly increased when iron is included in the lattice as a substitutional dopant, i.e. in a gold-iron nanoalloy. Such...

polymer nanocomposites containing metals have been used in a wide range of applications due to their versatility, and tunable characteristics including physical, chemical, biological and mechanical properties. in this research work polystyrene-silver nanocomposite has been produced using polymerization of a w/o microemulsion system. styrene monomer was used as the oil or continues phase of the ...

The experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 N) kg.ha-1 urea and wheat varieties, including cultivars, Sepahan and SW were placed in the subplots. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar were significant effects on ...

In nematic liquid crystals light is strongly scattered from director fluctuations. We are interested in the limit where the incoming light wave is scattered many times. Then, the light transport can be described by a diffusion equation for the energy density of light with diffusion constants D‖ and D⊥, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the director. We start from a radiative transfer ...

The experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 N) kg.ha-1 urea and wheat varieties, including cultivars, Sepahan and SW were placed in the subplots. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar were significant effects on ...