PURPOSE As pet ownership increases, sensitization to animal allergens due to domestic exposure is a concern. Sensitization to animal allergens may occur from indirect exposure, as well as direct ownership of animals. However, there have been conflicting results regarding the association between pet ownership and sensitization to animal allergens in adults. METHODS In total, 401 patients with ...

The purpose of this paper is examining the impact of financial leverage as a mediation variable on the relationship between ownership concentration and financial corporate performance. To test the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis is used. The statistical population of this research is all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. However, data were available only for 60 companies durin...

The paper provides a framework for addressing the question of when transactions should be carried out within the firm and when through the market. Following Grossman and Hart (1986), we identify a firm with the assets which its owners control: ownership confers the right to decide how the assets are to be used in events unspecified in an initial contract. We study how changes in ownership affec...

Studying the Digital Gender Divide in African countries, including Egypt, is considered vital for social and economic development. It is an established fact that one of the UN Millennium Development Goals is gender equality and the empowerment of women. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be the vehicle to achieve this goal. This study applies econometric techniques to shed some ...

BACKGROUND Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a widely used, community-based approach to tackle open defecation and its health-related problems. Although CLTS has been shown to be successful in previous studies, little is known about how CLTS works. We used a cross-sectional case study to identify personal, physical, and social context factors and psychosocial determinants from the Risks,...

BACKGROUND Pet ownership is thought to have health benefits, but not all scientific explorations have been founded on proper applications of representative samples or statistically correct methodologies. Databanks have been too small for proper statistical analyses; or, instead of a random sample, participation has been voluntary. The direction of causality has been evaluated incorrectly or con...

There are two schools of thoughts on the important issue of reforming state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We call them the ownership school and the management school. The ownership school argues that the key to the reform is to diversify SOEs’ ownership, including privatization, in order to eliminate government control of SOEs. The management school emphasizes the need to improve government’s manag...

nowadays reforming, of the ownership structure, from governmental ownership to privatization ownership, is a way of gaining constant and dynamic development. one of the best ways of privatization is denoting stocks by stock change and one of the most important factors to reach its fulfillment is how to price the denoted stocks. so far due to the importance and greatness of pricing stocks, many ...

Titling programs have focused mostly on providing initial tenure security and have not properly addressed maintaining the formality of future property transactions. Our data indicates that properties become de-regularized due to unregistered transactions in urban slums, which threatens to undo the success of the titling program in the long run. We exploit a natural experiment provided by the el...