BACKGROUND Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is a leading risk factor for chronic disease globally, but much of the world's population does not consume the recommended servings of FV daily. It remains unknown whether global supply of FV is sufficient to meet current and growing population needs. We sought to determine whether supply of FV is sufficient to meet current and growing population n...

Maximizing both efficiency and equity are core considerations for population health. These considerations can result in tension in population health science as we seek to improve overall population health while achieving equitable health distributions within populations. Limited work has explored empirically the consequences of different population health intervention strategies on the burden o...

BACKGROUND Low income appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes and diabetes related complications, however, little is known about how income influences access to diabetes care. The objective of the present study was to determine whether income is associated with referral to a diabetes centre within a universal health care system. METHODS Data on referral for diabetes care...

The most common data source on income distribution in China is grouped data. When income data is in grouped form, some acceptable Lorenz model is needed to approximate the underlying Lorenz curve. This paper presents a new family of Lorenz curves and shows that the main model of our proposed family of Lorenz curves outperforms other popular Lorenz curve models using data on US income distributi...

It is routine to control for “average” income when assessing the independent eVect of income inequality on health, but authors have used diVerent measures, for example, percentage poverty, per capita or mean income, and median income. 4 However, as the distribution of income in a population is always positively skewed (that is, a long thin tail for the few with high incomes), the median income ...

This study surveys various views on income distribution and income inequality and presents alternative approaches to and analytical methods of measuring income inequality. In contrast to traditional income distribution analyses, the author examines the development of income distribution and income inequality for a period between 1996 and 2004, following the change in the regime, based on person...

This paper uses the 1998-99 Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) data to examine the health-income relationship that underlies the absolute income hypothesis. To allow for nonlinearity and data heterogeneity, we use a partially linear semiparametric quantile regression model. Among more than dozen of socioeconomic variables, we find that family income, age and the food security sta...

Studies of racial disparities in access to living donor kidney transplantation focus mainly on patient factors, whereas donor factors remain largely unexamined. Here, data from the US Census Bureau were combined with data on all African-American and white living kidney donors in the United States who were registered in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) between 1998 and 2010 (N=57,896)...

We study the effect of technological knowledge on per-capita income and population in a Malthusian economy. Airy differential equations describe the evolution of knowledge. Consequently, the impact of technological knowledge on aggregate output is feeble before and strong after the Industrial Revolution. The economy exposed to Airy growth of knowledge evolves from a Malthusian regime into a Pos...

I thank Angus Deaton and two referees for helpful comments about this work, and Simon le Roux for help with translations from Afrikaans. Abstract There is a strong positive relationship between income and health throughout the world. If part of this association represents a causal effect from income to health, then the maintenance and support of incomes becomes a potential policy instrument for...