We propose a treatment strategy combining an initial disinfestation treatment with one of three protective treatments as an alternative for chemical fumigation of almonds and raisins for control of postharvest insect populations. Initial disinfestation treatments using low oxygen controlled atmosphere (0.4% O2) were designed to disinfest product of field populations of pyralid moths; navel oran...

Olfaction plays an indispensable role in mediating insect behavior, such as locating host plants, mating partners, and avoidance of toxins and predators. Olfactory-related proteins are required for olfactory perception of insects. However, very few olfactory-related genes have been reported in Plodia interpunctella up to now. In the present study, we sequenced the antennae transcriptome of P. i...

1. Animals raised in good environmental conditions are expected to have more resources to invest in immunity than those raised in poor conditions. Variation in immune activity and parasite resistance in response to changes in environmental temperature, population density and food quality have been shown in many invertebrate species. 2. Almost all studies to date have examined the effects of ind...

Fourteen cations were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt), as chlorides, for their effects on the biological activity of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV). Cupric chloride was toxic to gypsy moth larvae. Ferrous and ferric chloride were inhibitory to larval growth and development as well as to virus activity. Strontium chloride was inhibitory to virus a...

We developed a computer model for simulating the population dynamics of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). The model incorporates previously published life history data for the almondmothdeveloping on storedpeanuts, Arachis hypogaeaL., including stage-speciÞc immature developmental time and survival and adult longevity and fecundity. The model was modiÞed so that it also could be used to...

No field failure of azinphosmethyl had been noticed in controlling codling moth from Oregon until 1989. However, in a study conducted by Moffitt et al. during 1986 to 1987, a codling moth population from Medford has been reported resistant to diflubenzuron. It was suspected that selection by other commonly used compounds was probably responsible for this resistance. We initiated our work in 198...

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a harvester that extracts energy from moth-body vibrations during flight. The target moth is manduca sexta, which has a payload capacity near 1 g, and a dorsal payload volume approximately 8 mm wide and 15 mm tall. Operating within these constraints, the energy harvester is designed to deliver 1 mW of electrical power at 1 VDC for gene...

Using pure phytoecdysteroids isolated from Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Silene nutans L. (Caryophyllales: Caryophyllaceae), plants known for their high ecdysteroid content, a study was carried out on the effects of ingestion of four different phytoecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, ponasterone A and makisterone A) on the growth and development of the Indian mea...