abstract cinema as a social environment provide a basis and special situation in which people can gather together, experience a different relationship and can find a new thinking or behaving approach via watching the movies. by going to cinema people in addition to utilize their leisure time effectively, they gradually shape their attitudes and behaviors based on what they have seen and heard. ...

energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...

The conventional input-output model has been widely criticised, both justly and unjustly, for its limiting assumptions. One of these assumptions is homogeneity of degree one. This paper explores some approaches to minimise this limitation of traditional input-output analysis by removing the assumption of linear coefficients for the intermediate and household sectors. As is well documented in th...

the increasing consumption of electricity in iran is one of the greatest concerns of the government. using the subsidy-based pricing system is one of the main reasons of improper pattern of residential electricity consumption that has imposed great cost over the government due to the increased number of consumers and their improper way of consuming electricity. in this paper, we analyze the fac...

Electricity transmission contracts allocate scarce resources, allow hedging against locational price differences and provide information to guide investment. Liquidity is increased if all transmission contracts are defined relative to one balancing point, then a set of two contracts can replicate any point to point contract. We propose an algorithm and apply it to the European electricity netwo...

price is one of the four elements of marketing mix. one of the important decisions any business faces is select pricing strategies that can be effective in achieving company goals. pricing methods are generally divided into cost-based and value-based methods. considering that the marginal cost of information goods is zero, the pricing methods of these goods is value-based. in this study, mtn ir...

We study the welfare implications of scalable price targeting, an extreme form of third-degree price discrimination implemented with machine learning for a large, digital firm. Targeted prices are computed by solving the firm’s Bayesian Decision-Theoretic pricing problem based on a database with a high-dimensional vector of customer features that are observed prior to the price quote. To identi...

This paper investigates the demand elasticity of search. We provide a new characterization of monotone hazard rate and of the first-order condition determining the optimal reservation price, and prove that the demand for information is elastic if the hazard rate function h for the distribution of offers is decreasing and inelastic if h is increasing.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights rese...