Prenatal and childhood environmental exposures are an underrecognized primary cause of intellectual and other developmental disabilities. In addition, individuals with established disabilities are vulnerable to further harm from subsequent environmental exposures. In individuals with communicative impairment or limited ability to independently escape from hazards, these subsequent exposures, to...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Individuals with disability usually suffer from complex oral problems and marked physical limitations, and therefore need special dental care. The dentists’ attitude and perceived educational barriers for oral health promotion among the individuals with disabilities were evaluated in the present study.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 193 dentists participating in the ...

This quantitative study assessed whether presentation of preferred items and activities during multiple periods of the day (and over multiple days) increased indices of happiness (over time/sustained) in individuals with PMD. A multiple baseline design across participants was utilized to measure changes in indices of happiness of the participants. Participants were recruited from an adult day a...

Dr. Waldman is Professor of Dental Health Services, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook; Dr. Perlman is Global Clinical Director, Special Olympics, Special Smiles and Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University. Direct correspondence to Dr. H. Barry Waldman, Professor of Dental Health Services, Department of General Dentis...

Research suggests that different types of challenging behavior (CB) may be maintained by different contingencies of reinforcement. In this study, we examined functional variables for nine types of CB (physical aggression, verbal aggression, self-injury, tantrums, non-compliance, property destruction, disruptive behavior, stereotypes and inappropriate verbal behavior) in 300 people with intellec...

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