The goal of this paper is to address three key questions. First, what are residual stresses? Second, what causes them? And third, are they good or bad in terms of performance of springs? The first question will be addressed by beginning with some rudimentary definitions and discussion. The second will be addressed with a process-by-process evaluation of spring manufacturing. Each process will b...

1. Tummala RR (2001) Fundamentals of microsystems packaging. McGraw-Hill International Edition, New York 2. JEDEC (2002) Design standard: design requirements for outlines of solid state and related products; JEDEC Publication 95, Design Guide 4.14-1/D, Ball Grid Array Package, JEDEC Solid State Technology Association 3. Vujosevic M (2006) Warpage of flip chip packages. In: Proceedings of IMECE2...

In field conditions, plants may experience numerous environmental stresses at any one time. Research suggests that the plant response to multiple stresses is different from that for individual stresses, producing nonadditive effects. In particular, the molecular signaling pathways controlling biotic and abiotic stress responses may interact and antagonize one another. The transcriptome response...

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a model halophyte that switches from C3 photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) upon extreme abiotic stresses. This study aimed investigate alkalinity-induced root transcriptome profiling in M. crystallinum. seedlings were treated with 50 mM sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; pH 7.5) and 90 NaHCO3 (pH 9.5) for 7 d, respectively. Alkalinity-induced differen...

Cystatin is a class of proteins mainly involved in cysteine protease inhibition and plant growth and development, as well as tolerance under various abiotic stresses. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive analysis of the molecular characterization and expression profiling in response to various abiotic stresses of the cystatin gene family in Brachypodium distachyon, a novel model ...

In the framework of designing laboratory tests of relativistic gravity, we investigate the gravita-tional field produced by the magnetic field of a solenoid. Observing this field might provide a mean of testing whether stresses gravitate as predicted by Einstein's theory. A previous study of this problem by Braginsky, Caves and Thorne predicted that the contribution to the gravitational field r...

Many failures of supporting structures or machines are not caused only by stresses that are invoked by loading, but they often result due to residual stresses. Time needed for reparation of equipment and production losses are important factors, but much more serious are possible injuries or death of people. Residual stresses occur also in the structures without loadings. They arise mostly due t...

Abstract In this study, we investigate the potential for fluid-injection-induced fault reactivation and induced seismicity risk during simultaneous injection-extraction operation in a theoretical geothermal doublet system carbonate reservoir Ruhr region. Using coupled three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical approach, probability of injection-induced rupture. We perform sensitivity study assum...