objective(s) the immunoadjuvant potential of cross-linked dextran microspheres (cdm) as absorption enhancer and quillaja saponins (qs) as immunomodulator adjuvant was evaluated. materials and methods cdm loaded or tetanus-mixed toxoid (tt) or quillaja saponin (qs) were nasally administered to rabbits in dry powder form, three times in 2 weeks interval and serum igg and nasal lavage siga titers ...

We present a comprehensive study of excitonic electroabsorption and two-wave mixing in photorefractive quantum wells. By combining these two measurements, we are able to determine the internal grating writing efficiency for converting an external spatial light modulation into an internal space-charge field. The internal writing efficiency at a fringe spacing L 5 40 mm is found to be a decreasin...

Enhancing the species mixing in microfluidic applications is key to reducing analysis time and increasing device portability. The mixing in electroosmotic flow is usually diffusion-dominated. Recent numerical studies have indicated that the introduction of electrically charged surface heterogeneities may augment mixing efficiencies by creating localized regions of flow circulation. In this stud...

Micro-Total-Analysis-Systems (μTAS) have been the focus of recent world wide research due to their varied applications. Much of the motivation for the development of μTAS stems from applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. A typical μTAS device includes a number of functional units ranging from sample injection or ingestion, pre-concentration, mixing with reagents, chemical reactions, sep...

This paper presents an interface tracking method for modelling the flow of immiscible metallic liquids in mixing processes. The methodology can provide an insight into mixing processes for studying the fundamental morphology development mechanisms for immiscible interfaces. The VOF method employed here utilises the piecewise linear for interface construction scheme as well as the continuum surf...

By convention, the ocean’s large-scale circulation is assumed to be a thermohaline overturning driven by the addition and extraction of buoyancy at the surface and vertical mixing in the interior. Previous work suggests that the overturning should die out as vertical mixing rates are reduced to zero. In this paper, a formal energy analysis is applied to a series of ocean general circulation mod...