during past decades, increased wastewater production by human activities intensified the problem of wastewater usewithout causing undesirable impacts on the environment and human life. however, practice of wastewater use inirrigation crops and green spaces needs careful control because of the potential presence of unwanted constituents such asheavy metals and organic contaminants. this research...

Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted a significant attention of scientists and engineers in the past two decades. Improvement of membrane technologies coupled with experiences gained from application of membranes in different industrial processes have opened a gamut of opportunities in industrial wastewater treatment. The solidliquid separation that is conventionally carried out in gravit...

The phenomenon of calcium carbonate crystal growth from aqueous solutions on surfaces widely occurs in systems where carbonate and bicarbonate ions are present, such as in domestic systems, waste and drinkable water treatment systems or industrial apparatus where water is used. Crystal growth leads to the formation of mineral scale which reduces the performance of membrane materials in equipmen...

introduction: giardia and cryptosporidium are two of the most common parasitic protozoa that cause acute intestinal infections in children, all of the world. these parsites find in water environments, such as untreated water , wastewaters and even treated water. according to, a precise study on surface water was not done, in our country, necessity of precise study by ifa method that is prescise...

in this study a sample of bentonite obtained from semnan mines, was modified by a surfactant to prepare an organoclay with high surface area. bet analysis showed that the modification increased its surface significantly. the prepared sorbent was used for removal of dyes and other organic pollutants from a waste water obtained from ekbatan textile company. adsorption was studied in various times...

the main aim of this research is to determine optimal leaching conditions; eh, ph and complexing agent concentrations, for recovery of copper from hydroxide sludges such as those produced by electroplating shops, metal finishers, treatment of acid mine drainage, and industrial wastewater in general. this has been preceded by a theoretical approach and numerical and computer calculation. potenti...

The toxicity of residues formed during water treatment is mainly a function of the chemicals used. The inorganic flocculants, when used, give rise to compounds harmful to humans and to the environment. An alternative solution is the use of tannins. However, despite the environmental benefits, when using tannin-based products in the treatment of industrial water, modifications may be imparted to...

Increasing population and Industrialization are key pollutant contributors in water bodies. These wastes are highly hazardous for humansand ecosystem and require a comprehensive, effective treatment before discharge into water bodies. Over the years, many up gradations have been introduced in traditional water treatment methods which were expensive and ineffective especially for removal of heav...