ziziphora tenuior is one of the traditional medicinal herbs; the main active chemical composition of this herb is an ingredient named as pulegone which is known well for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. considering, the side effects of synthetic drugs, researcher’s attention has been attracted to the use of herbal medicines.in this study, after inducing ear edema via xylenol, the an...

Objective(s): Endometritis is the inflammation of the uterine lining that is associated with infertility. It affects milk production and reproductive performance and leads to huge economic losses in dairy cows. Dimethyl itaconate (DI), a promising chemical agent, has recently been proved to have multiple health-promoting effects. However, the effects of DI on endometri...

glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration have been shown as pathophysiological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (ms) and other autoimmune inflammatory cns disorders. n‑methyl‑d‑aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the mediation of neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity leading to cellular damage and apoptotic cell death. current treatment approaches targeting glutamate exc...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune cns-disease characterized by inflammatory neurodegenerative events occurring with de- and remyelination. recent evidence show that demyelinated neurons are less excitable than myelinated ones while at early stages of remyelination these neurons seem to be hyperexcitable. the latter is a transitory condition that, very likely, leads to impaired neuronal networ...

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a plant used in traditional medicine across the world for its pharmacological value. Its value has been proved such as anti-cough, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial and antioxidant effects. The roots of plant comrised glycyrrhizin which is 50 times sweeter than sugar. Macrophages can stimulated during inflammatory disorders, and with production of multiple inflammatory mediato...

Objective(s): This study aimed to develop drugs from natural sources to overcome the side effects of many of synthetic drugs. Methanol extracts of both pericarp and seeds of Pleiogynium solandri were used to investigate antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and renal function protective, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects and to determine the chemical composition of the extract responsible for b...

Anti-inflammatory effects of acetonic and methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Stachys byzanthina were investigated in this study. For assessment of anti-inflammatory properties, two well-characterized inflammatory models, formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema were used. In the former, the recording of the early phase started immediately after formalin injection and lasted for 10 mi...

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are the competitive inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (cox), the enzyme which mediates the bioconversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins (pgs). their use is associated with the side effects such as gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. the therapeutic anti-inflammatory action of nsaids is produced by the inhibition of cox-2, while the ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most ordinary form of dementia and extracellular accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques, is an important and a main event in the pathogenesis of AD. Deposition of Aβ Peptide initiates a spectrum of cellular responses that are interposed by the resident neuroimmune cells of the brain, the microglia. Recently, a novel inflammasome signaling&n...

results the infusion group had a lower plasma pai-1 level compared to the subcutaneous group at day 7 (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 16.5 ± 4.2; p = 0.003). the urinary ngal level was lower in the infusion group at day 2 (131.3 ± 11.9 vs. 151.2 ± 20.6; p = 0.014); however, at day 7 the ngal level was decreased in the subcutaneous group as much as the infusion group and there was no significant difference betw...