Using a test-negative design, we assessed interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2017/18 epidemic of co-circulating influenza A(H3N2) and B(Yamagata) viruses. Adjusted VE for influenza A(H3N2), driven by a predominant subgroup of clade 3C.2a viruses with T131K + R142K + R261Q substitutions, was low at 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): -14 to 40). Adjusted VE for influenza B was higher at 5...

BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The role of cellular and humoral immune systems in this disease is unclear, whereas dysregulation of the immune system is suggested. Patients with sarcoidosis show diverse responses while exposed to various antigens. Although influenza vaccination is recommended in pulmonary sarcoidosis, its efficacy and safe...

Antisera to the type-specific internal influenza virus matrix (M) protein of a type A influenza virus were produced in goats. In the presence of complement, anti-M serum was cytotoxic for target cells which were infected with a variety of serologically distinct type A influenza viruses, but did not react with type B influenza virus-infected cells. Absorption experiments indicated that anti-M se...

A solid-phase immunofluorescence assay was evaluated for the identification of viruses isolated in tissue culture, with influenza virus as a model. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from hyperimmune rabbit sera specific for contemporary strains of influenza A or B was covalently attached to microscopic plastic beads to capture virus. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies of diff...

Passive immunotherapies utilising polyclonal antibodies could have a valuable role in preventing and treating infectious diseases such as influenza, particularly in pandemic situations but also in immunocompromised populations such as the elderly, the chronically immunosuppressed, pregnant women, infants and those with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to optimise current methods used...

High-affinity-antibody production, T-cell activation, and interferon upregulation all contribute to protective immunity that occurs in humans following influenza immunization. Hematopoietic cell-specific PTPN22 encodes lymphoid phosphatase (Lyp), which regulates lymphocyte antigen receptor and pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling. A PTPN22 variant, R620W (LypW), predisposes to autoimmun...

SUKENO, N., OTSUKI, Y., KONNo, J. , YAMANE, N., ODAGIRI, T., ARIKAWA, J. and ISHIDA, N. Anti-Nucleoprotein Antibody Response in Influenza A Infection. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1979 , 128 (3). 241-249 The nucleoprotein (NP) antigen isolated from influenza A virus by solubilization with Triton X-100 (TX-100) and further electrophoresis with SDS-cellulose acetate membrane gave a single band on SDS-pol...

T follicular helper (TFH) cell responses are essential for generation of protective humoral immunity during influenza infection. Aging has a profound impact on CD4(+) T cell function and humoral immunity, yet the impact of aging on antigen specific TFH responses remains unclear. Influenza specific TFH cells are generated in similar numbers in young and aged animals during infection, but TFH cel...

Influenza viral evolution presents a formidable challenge to vaccination due to the virus' ability to rapidly mutate to evade immune responses. Live influenza infections generate large and diverse CD4 effector T cell responses that yield highly protective, long-lasting CD4 T cell memory that can target conserved viral epitopes. We review advances in our understanding of mechanisms involved in g...

PURPOSE To prepare for vaccine shortages under an influenza pandemic, several antigen-sparing strategies have been investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine at reduced intradermal and full intramuscular dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the effect of one-fifth and one-half intradermal doses to the full intramuscular dose on immunogenicity in ...