A computationally efficient method is developed to simulate the radiances in a scattering and absorbing atmosphere along an arbitrary path in the spectral region ranging from visible to far-infrared with a spectral resolution of 1 cm. For a given spectral region, the method is based on fitting radiances pre-calculated from the discrete ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) at several wavenumbers...

We present new Spitzer photometry of the Eagle Nebula (M16, containing the optical cluster NGC 6611) combined with near-infrared photometry from 2MASS. We use dust radiative transfer models, mid-infrared and near-infrared color-color analysis, and mid-infrared spectral indices to analyze point source spectral energy distributions, select candidate young stellar objects (YSOs), and constrain the...

We discuss methods for classifying T dwarfs based on spectral morphological features and indices. T dwarfs are brown dwarfs which exhibit methane absorption bands at 1.6 and 2.2 μm. Spectra at red optical (6300–10100 Å) and near-infrared (1–2.5 μm) wavelengths are presented, and differences between objects are noted and discussed. Spectral indices useful for classification schemes are presented...

Current tree species classification algorithms often use high-resolution satellite data and are in many cases based on forest stands. The spectral bands of the sensors used for data acquisition are given and cannot be chosen regarding the needs of tree species classification. Furthermore distinction is often limited to deciduous trees, coniferous trees and other land use classes. Single tree ba...

Submillimetre (sub-mm) galaxies have very high infrared (IR) luminosities and are thousands of times more numerous at z ∼ 2 than local ultra-luminous IR galaxies. They therefore represent a key phase in galaxy evolution which can be missed in optical surveys. Determining their contribution to the global star formation rate requires dissecting their IR emission into contributions from starbursts...

The Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI) is a three telescope interferometer system that operates near 11 microns wavelength using heterodyne detection with CO2 lasers as local oscillators. Stellar measurements have been made using consistent instrumentation for 20 years, allowing comparisons of stellar sizes of red giant and Mira stars over time intervals which are long in comparison to stell...