Prior research has reported incidental vocabulary acquisition with complete beginners in a foreign language (FL), within 8 exposures to auditory and written FL word forms presented with a picture depicting their meaning. However, important questions remain about whether acquisition occurs with fewer exposures to FL words in a multimodal situation and whether there is a repeated exposure effect....

Understanding and evaluating the health e€ects of prolonged exposure to low radiation doses, as opposed to shorter exposure to higher doses, has still a long way to go. Answers to these questions cannot be provided by epidemiological studies alone, and so the input of radiobiologists to help focus the work of epidemiologists will become increasingly important in the future. This paper discusses...

In teleostean fish, ventilation increases have been observed in response to low dissolved oxygen levels, visual stimuli, and gustatory cues. However, olfactory sensory input may also stimulate gill ventilation rate. We investigated whether olfactory sensory input mediates gill ventilation responses, as suggested by the observation that steroidal compounds detected by the olfactory system elicit...

Golgi cells (GoCs) are specialized interneurons that provide inhibitory input to granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. GoCs are pacemaker neurons that spontaneously fire action potentials, triggering spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in granule cells and also contributing to the generation tonic GABAA receptor-mediated currents in granule cells. In turn, granule cell axons provide ...

Information about the distribution of chemical-production mass with respect to use and release is a major and unavailable input for calculating population-scale exposure estimates. Based on exposure models and biomonitoring data, this study evaluates the distribution of total production volumes (and environmental releases if applicable) for a suite of organic compounds. We used Bayesian approac...

noise is one of the major hazardous occupational exposures and one of the occupations at risk is the transportation industry. however, few studies have measured and reported the amount of noise exposure in drivers. in this study, we evaluated noise exposure among the public transportation bus drivers of one major iranian city, kerman, southeast iran. eighty public transportation buses in the st...

sun light accompany with rest and fresh air is beneficial for maintenance of health. although scientific and laboratory witnesses have shown the relationship between light exposure and mental health, the live experience of pleasure feeling of sunlight is far more than what is accepted by experimental and observational researches. patient with affective disorders have been treated by increasing ...