The main aim of the present paper is to outline a theoretical framework of instruction based on the elements of two major approaches of cognitivism and constructivism. To begin with, the paper introduces the notion of instructional design and discusses the importance of psychology of learning and instruction in designing instructional models. Further, the paper identifies the prototypical schem...

In popular usage, instructional technology refers to the use of communications media–hardware and software-to help people learn. At different times different media have been central to educators' conception of instructional technology. The term first came into widespread use in the early 1960s; James D. Finn, a professor at the University of Southern California, was probably the most vigorous p...

Faculty members in higher education are involved in many instructional design activities without formal training in learning theories and the science of instruction. Learning theories provide the foundation for the selection of instructional strategies and allow for reliable prediction of their effectiveness. To achieve effective learning outcomes, the science of instruction and instructional d...

Learning from worked-out examples is very effective for initial skill acquisition, at least when learners actively explain the solution steps in the examples to themselves. However, learning solely on the basis of self-explanations is connected with several restrictions, even when effective self-explaining is trained or elicited. Therefore, a coherent set of principles for integrating instructi...

Although most agree that games can be engaging and that games can be instructive, there is little consensus regarding the essential characteristics of instructional games. Implicit in the research literature is the notion that if we pair instructional content with certain game features, we can harness the power of games to engage users and achieve desired instructional goals. In this article, t...

What is the nature of instructional design? Is instructional design merely the practical application of learning theories to learning situations? What elements form the building blocks of instructional design theory and research? What assumptions about the nature of people and society are behind theories, principles, and practice? These questions occur in the context of international discussion...

Effective instructional design is a major prerequisite for desired learning outcomes. Even though the field of instructional design (ID) is relatively young, its multidisciplinary and rapidly evolving nature requires meticulous work to implement the most current evidence-based heuristics in instructional settings. The sixth edition of Designing Effective Instruction by G. R. Morrison, S. M. Ros...

E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Answers to the questions of which instructional methods are suitable for school, what instructional methods should be applied in teaching individual subjects and how instructional methods support the act of learning represent challenges to general education and education in individual subjects. This article focuses on computer science teachers ́ examin...

Digital libraries populated with learning objects are becoming popular tools in the creation of instructional technologies. Many current efforts to create standard metadata structures that facilitate the discovery and instructional use of learning objects recommend a single, authoritative metadata record per version of the learning object. However, as we argue in this paper, a single metadata r...