P. W. Lamberti, A. P. Majtey, A. Borras, M. Casas, and A. Plastino Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, and CONICET, C.C. 727, La Plata 1900, Argentina Departament de Física and IFISC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CON...

This study examines the tropical linkages to interdecadal climate fluctuations over the North Pacific during boreal winter through a comprehensive and physically based analysis of a wide variety of observational datasets spanning the twentieth century. Simple difference maps between epochs of high sea level pressure over the North Pacific (1900–24 and 1947–76) and epochs of low pressure (1925–4...

Archaeological, geological, historical, tree-ring and instrumental data indicate that the last 10 000 years were characterized in China by climatic variations at various temporal and spatial scales. The period from 10 000 to 9000 BP was one of increasing temperature. The Holocene ’Optimal Period’ occurred approximately between 9000 and 3000 BP, within which there were two major cool episodes ar...

The Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstruction published by Esper, Cook, and Schweingruber (ECS) in 2002 is revisited in order to strengthen and clarify its interpretation. This reconstruction, based on tree-ring data from 14 temperaturesensitive sites, is best interpreted as a land-only, extra-tropical expression of NH temperature variability. Its strongly expressed multi-centennial v...

The research investigated perceivers' inferences about the morality of target persons who engaged in aggressive behavior. Across several experiments, inferences about the morality of an aggressor were based more on the perceived motives of the target than on the presence of facilitating situational forces. For example, when a target's aggression was facilitated by personal rewards for aggressio...

Public support of science is justified by three primary instrumental rationales: scientific advance is necessary to create new wealth; scientific advance is necessary to solve particular societal problems; and scientific advance provides the information necessary for making effective decisions. Significant and persistent disparities between promise and performance accompany each of these ration...

[Benjamin Elman is Professor of East Asian Studies and History at Princeton University. He specializes in late imperial Chinese intellectual history and in the history of science and education. His recent book is entitled On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1550-1900 (Harvard University Press, 2005). Previously he has published A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China, ...

Birth years ranged from 1862 to 1938; 16 births occurred before 1900, 23 between 1900 and 1909, 19 between 1910 and 1919, 22 between 1920 and 1929, and five between 1930 and 1939. Comparison with national values showed that 70 (82%) of the musicians exceeded their life expectancy; four-fifths of the Black men, three fourths of the White men, and all the women lived longer than expected as shown...