— This lecture summary provides a short but comprehensive overview on the “energy and buildings” topic. Buildings account for roughly 40% of the global energy demands. Thus, an increased adoption of existing and upcoming materials and solutions for the building sector represents an enormous potential to reduce building related energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. The central question is...

Power transformers use Kraft paper as insulation in the electrical windings present in the core, which is immersed in oil. In service, the temperature of the windings of core will go to 75C to 85C. If the transformer is over loaded, then the temperature can exceed upto 100°C causing the cellulose chains in the paper to cleave at an accelerated rate, which results in the degradation of mechanica...

The response of a cable can be used to analyze the variation of the material characteristics along its length. For diagnosis of possible ageing, it is necessary to know how cable design, material properties and cable insulation ageing affects the wave propagation. A cable model has therefore been worked out based upon the high frequency properties of the cable insulation and conductor systems. ...

Cellulosic paper and oil insulation in a transformer degrade at higher operating temperatures. Degradation is accelerated in the presence of oxygen and moisture. Power transformers being expensive items need to be carefully monitored throughout its operation. Well established time-based maintenance and conservative replacement planning is not feasible in a current market driven electricity indu...

pulse-width modulated (pwm) adjustable frequency drives (afds) are extensively used in industries for control of induction motors. it has led to significant advantages in terms of the performance, size, and efficiency but the output voltage waveform no longer remains sinusoidal. hence, overshoots, high rate of rise, harmonics and transients are observed in the voltage wave. they increase voltag...

• Transformers and capacitors • Other electrical equipment including voltage regulators, switches, reclosers, bushings, and electromagnets • Oil used in motors and hydraulic systems • Old electrical devices or appliances containing PCB capacitors • Fluorescent light ballasts • Cable insulation • Thermal insulation material including fiberglass, felt, foam, and cork • Adhesives and tapes • Oilba...

Influence of moisture on the instrument transformers’ paper-oil insulation and its further maintenance is described in this paper. Improved insulation drying method using vacuum and temperature regulation with definite regulation algorithm of parameters is proposed and analyzed by comparing it with conventional drying method.

The insulation of the high voltage equipment is deteriorated due to the partial discharges (PDs). So it is required to monitor PDs continuously for prediction of insulation life, replacement time and early indication of outages of HV power equipment. In this work, an optical network is used to detect and measure the PDs in a model transformer.

BACKGROUND Man-made vitreous fibres (MMVFs) are used in products for insulation and as reinforcement in materials. Contamination of the skin may arise through direct or indirect contact, and from the deposition of airborne fibres. The scientific basis regarding the effects on skin of MMVFs dates from 1970-1980. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether currently used insulation MMVF products still ca...

Ground heat is a renewable resource that is readily available for buildings in cool climates, but its relatively low temperature requires the use of a heat pump to extract it for heating. We developed a system that uses low temperature ground heat directly in a building wall to reduce transmission heat losses. The Active Low Exergy Geothermal Insulation Systems (ALEGIS) minimizes exergy demand ...