Diabetes is one of the common metabolic diseases, mainly divided into two types, type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is the main performance of type 2 diabetes mellitus which are relative to some gene mutation, genetics, obesity and so on. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays an important role as a negative regulator in insulin signaling pathways t...

The development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is determined by two factors: genetics and environment. The genetic background of T2DM is undoubtedly heterogeneous. Most patients with T2DM exhibit two different defects: the impairment of insulin secretion and decreased insulin sensitivity. This means that there are at least two pathophysiological pathways and at least two groups of genes that may be ...

Diet-induced obesity is the primary determinant of the current epidemic of diabetes. We have explored the role of genetics in this phenomenon, using C57Bl/6 (B6), 129S6/SvEvTac (129), and intercross (B6 x 129)F2 mice on a low- or high-fat diet. Over an 18-week period, B6 and F2 mice gained more weight, had higher levels of insulin and leptin, and showed greater glucose intolerance than 129 mice...

Growing evidence suggests that the bacteria present in our gut may play a role in mediating the effect of genetics and lifestyle on obesity and metabolic diseases. Most of the current literature on gut bacteria consists of cross-sectional and correlative studies, rendering it difficult to make any causal inferences as to the influence of gut bacteria on obesity and related metabolic disorders. ...

The worldwide prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease is increasing at an exponential rate and current projections provide no indication of relief. This growing burden of obesity-related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlights the importance of identifying how lifestyle choices, genetics and physiology play a role in metabolic disease and place obese indiv...

OBJECTIVE To studied the relationship that exists between leptin, ghrelin, insulin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), anthropometric, and metabolic variables in Saudi females. METHODS The study was conducted at the Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from November 2004 to August 2005. One hundred and twenty-two Saudi females were divi...

MOTIVATION Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that involves both environmental and genetic factors. To understand the genetics of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, the DIabetes Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP) was launched to profile gene expression in a variety of related animal models and human subjects. We asked whether these heterogeneous models can be integrated to provide c...

The effects of 'normal' genetic variability of signal transduction on endocrine function may be more evident during stimulation tests than is observed in basal states, thereby contributing to a greater understanding of the possible role of signal transduction genetics in the pathogenesis of endocrine disorders. In the present study, we have studied the outcome of growth hormone (GH) stimulation...

Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism in humans. It has antioxidant properties that may be protective but can also be pro-oxidant, depending on its chemical microenvironment. Hyperuricemia predisposes to disease through the formation of urate crystals that cause gout, but hyperuricemia, independent of crystal formation, has also been linked with hypertension, atheroscleros...

Nutritional genomics has exploded in the last decade, yielding insights-both nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic-into the physiology of dietary interactions and our genes. Among these are insights into the regulation of magnesium transport and homeostasis and mechanisms underlying magnesium's role in insulin and glucose handling. Recent observational evidence has attempted to examine some promising r...