problems statement: new millennium started while more than half of world population lives in cities. this issue requires attendance of the citizens in affairs managemanet along with necessity of equipment, demands and needs. the important point is barriers and prohibiting factors which prevent participation. this article intends to answer these questions by reliance on research findings in 2009...

BACKGROUND Solid Waste Management (SWM) in metropolises with systematic methods and following environmental issues, is one of the most important subjects in the area of urban management. In this regard, it is regarded as a legal entity so that its activities are not overshadowed by other urban activities. In this paper, a linear mathematical programming model has been designed for integrated SW...

The nature, impact, and treatment of substance use during pregnancy are well described for women living in urban settings. Less is known about pregnant substance-using women living in rural communities. The objective of this review is to describe the existing evidence for the management of substance use in pregnant women living in rural areas. A systematic review of the literature was conducted...

Urban environmental management must integrate the spatial, structural features of a city, typically captured in GIS, and the dynamics of environmental quality indicators that can be obtained by monitoring. To provide decision relevant information supporting planning and management, these components are integrated in models for scenario analysis and optimisation tasks. The paper describes some r...

Spatial and georeferenced information plays an important role in urban land management processes such as spatial planning and environmental management. As many of the processes are increasingly coined by participation of and collaboration between multiple stakeholders, a common medium capable of integrating different types and sources of spatial information is necessary. It is argued that 3D ci...

Urbanization challenges regional sustainable development, but a slight expansion mechanism was revealed in a plateau city. We have integrated the urban expansion process and analyzed its determinants in Lhasa (Tibet), and we provide insightful suggestions for urban management and planning for Lhasa. The full continuum of the urban expansion process has been captured using time-series of high-re...