background burn is a tragedy that follows multiple problems in a patient including pain, anxiety and lack of confidence into medical team. this study evaluated the effect of shiatsu massage on pain intensity of burn patients. methods a total of 120 burn patients from motahhari burn hospital and of both genders were randomly divided into 4 groups of undergoing hand massage, leg massage, both han...

patients afflicted with chronic pain have both physical and psychological problems. this research investigated the impact of the psychological factors in the treatment results of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) in the patients afflicted with chronic diseases. the subjects were 37 individuals (20 males and 17 females) with the mean age of 46 who had referred to two centers of ...

　The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. It is generally accepted that pain intensity and duration have a negative impact on the QOL. One specific type of control is “self-efficacy”, or the belief that one has the ability to successfully engage in specif...

aim and background: psychological factors have a pivotal role in the chronicity of diseases. chronic pain may lead to depression and disabilities in patients, which may change their quality of life and life style. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between coping strategies, depression, physical disability, and pain intensity in people with chronic back pain. method and mate...

background: despite the development of pediatric post-operative pain management and use of analgesic/narcotic drugs, post-operative pain remains as a common problem. some studies suggested, the most effective approach to controlling immediate post-operative pain may include a combination of drug agents and non-drug methods. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on...

OBJECTIVE To review the use of episiotomy during vaginal delivery in Hong Kong public hospitals. DESIGN Prospective observational survey. SETTING Public hospitals, Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Women who underwent normal vaginal delivery of a singleton foetus with cephalic presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of women having an episiotomy, severe-degree (third- or fourth-degree) tear, o...

Episiotomy is a very common operation but little is known of its short-term or long-term morbidity.A prospective study was designed to record postpartum perineal discomfort and to investigate the presence and persistence of dyspareunia following episiotomy in 140 primigravidae. A comparison was made between those whose perineal skin was sutured with a subcuticular polyglycolic acid (;Dexon') st...

BACKGROUND As cesarean rates increase worldwide, a debate has arisen over the relationship of method of delivery to maternal postpartum physical health. This study examines mothers' reports of their postpartum experiences with pain stratified by method of delivery. METHODS Listening to Mothers II was a survey of a total of 1,573 (200 telephone and 1,373 online) mothers aged 18 to 45 years, wh...

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based obstetric care is widely promoted in developing countries, but the success of implementation is not known. Using selected childbirth care procedures in four hospitals in Shanghai, we compared practice against evidence-based information, and explored user and provider views about each procedure. METHODS: Observational study. Using the Cochrane Library, we identified si...

background & aim: arteriovenous fistula (avf) is one of the inevitable elements in the take care of patients on hemodialysis. pain of avf puncture is a real problem for patients. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inhalation of lavender aromatherapy on pain intensity of arteriove-nous fistula puncture in patients on heamodialysis. methods & materials: in this before and after...