Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which suppress autoimmunity and other inflammatory states, are characterized by a distinct set of genetic elements controlling their gene expression. However, the extent of genetic and associated epigenetic variation in the Treg cell lineage and its possible relation to disease states in humans remain unknown. We explored evolutionary conservation of regulatory elemen...

BACKGROUND In neuroimaging, connectivity refers to the correlations between signals in different brain regions. Although fMRI measures of connectivity have been widely explored, the methods used have varied. This complicates the interpretation of existing literature in cases when different techniques have been used with fMRI data to measure the single concept of "connectivity." Additionally the...

Encroachment of rush Juncus spp. in the United Kingdom uplands poses a threat to declining wader populations due taller, denser swards that can limit foraging and breeding habitat quality for some species. Rush management via cutting, implemented through agri-environment schemes (AESs), could thus increase abundance, but there is insufficient assessment understanding how influences upland wader...

Interactions between species can vary from mutually beneficial to evolutionarily neutral to antagonistic, even when the same two species are involved. Similarly, social interactions between members of the same species can lie on a spectrum from conflict to cooperation.The aim of the present study was to investigate whether variation in the two types of social behaviour are interconnected. Is th...