nogalamycin and the duplex sequence dTpA (Brown et al., 1984), where it has been suggested that the sugar group at each end of the drug molecule (Fig. 2) sterically blocks the free movement of the chromophore in and out of the intercalation site. The intercalation process in solution has been extensively studied most often with reference to random-sequence DNA, and rather more rarely with respe...

Observing the electronic structure, compositional change and morphological evolution of the surface and interface of a battery during operation provides essential information for developing new electrode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs); this is because such observations demonstrate the fundamental reactions occurring inside the electrode materials. Moreover, obtaining detailed data on che...

XR5944, a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bis-intercalator with potent anticancer activity, can bind the estrogen response element (ERE) sequence to inhibit estrogen receptor-α activities. This novel mechanism of action may be useful for overcoming drug resistance to currently available antiestrogen treatments, all of which target the hormone-receptor complex. Here we report the nuclear magnetic re...

The ion exchange intercalation of two Gd-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents into hydroxy double salts (HDSs) is reported. The presence of Gd(3+) diethylenetriaminepentaacetate and Gd(3+) diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonate) complexes in the HDS lattice after intercalation was confirmed by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The structural aspects of the HDS-Gd ...

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are one of the very important nano-carriers for drug delivery, due to their many advantageous features, such as the ease and low-cost of preparation, low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, protection for the intercalated drugs, and the capacity to facilitate the uptake of the loaded drug in the cells. In our previous studies, Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied...

We have evaluated the sugar pucker geometry at the intercalation site of propidium diiodide into the self-complementary dinucleoside monophosphate duplexes cytidylylguanosine and deoxycytidylyldeoxyguanosine as a function of the nucleotide/drug ratio in aqueous solution. Our solution results support the observation by Sobell and coworkers [Sobell, H.M., Tsai, C.C., Jain, S.C. & Gilbert, S.G. (1...

The key factors governing the single-phase or multi-phase structural change behaviors during the intercalation/deintercalation of guest ions have not been well studied and understood yet. Through systematic studies of orthorhombic Fe2(MoO4)3 electrode, two distinct guest ion occupation paths, namely discrete one for Li and pseudo-continuous one for Na, as well as their relationship with single-...

We measured the effect of the intercalating oxazole yellow DNA dye quinolinium,4-[(3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)methyl]-1-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-,diiodide (YO-PRO) and its homodimer (YOYO) on the melting of self-complementary DNA duplexes using a gel-based assay. The assay, which requires a self-complementary DNA sequence, is independent of the optical properties of the molecules in s...

Different chemical formulations for the synthesis of highly intercalated graphite bisulfate have been tested. In particular, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, sodium periodate, sodium chlorate, and hydrogen peroxide have been used in this synthesis scheme as the auxiliary reagent (oxidizing agent). In order to evaluate the presence of delamination, an...

A change in the electronic spin state of the surfaces relevant to Li (de)intercalation of nanosized stoichiometric lithium cobalt oxide LiCo(III)O(2) from low-spin to intermediate and high spin is observed for the first time. These surfaces are the ones that are relevant for Li (de)intercalation. From density functional theory calculations with a Hubbard U correction, the surface energies of th...