Rotavirus infection is associated with childhood progression to type 1 diabetes. Infection by monkey rotavirus RRV accelerates diabetes onset in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which relates to regional lymph node infection and a T helper 1-specific immune response. When stimulated ex vivo with RRV, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from naïve NOD mice secrete type I interferon, which induces ...

The production of interferon (IFN) was investigated in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures stimulated by mumps virus. IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma were produced in lymphocyte cultures from immune donors. However, no IFN-gamma was produced in lymphocyte cultures from nonimmune donors. IFN-alpha was produced by B lymphocytes, and IFN-gamma was produced by T lymphocytes. An increase in the production ...

Examining the rate of in vivo T cell turnover (proliferation) in aged mice revealed a marked reduction in turnover at the level of memory-phenotype CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells relative to young mice. Based on adoptive transfer experiments, the reduced turnover of aged CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells reflected an inhibitory influence of the aged host environment. Aged CD44(hi) CD8(+) cells also showed poor in v...

Type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta), in addition to IL-12, have been shown to play an important role in the differentiation of human, but not mouse, Th cells. We show here that IFN-alpha/beta act directly on human T cells to drive Th1 development, bypassing the need for IL-12-induced signaling, whereas IFN-alpha cannot substitute IL-12 for mouse Th1 development. The molecular basis for this species sp...

A previously undescribed species of human leukocyte, or alpha, interferon is present in the serum of many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It was shown to be alpha-interferon by neutralization with specific antiserums, affinity column chromatography, and antiviral activity on bovine cells. However, 23 of 30 interferon samples tested were inactivated by incubation at pH 2, a character...

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for the type I interferon response against DNA pathogens. In response to the presence of DNA and/or cyclic dinucleotides, STING translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to perinuclear compartments. However, the role of this subcellular translocation remains poorly defined. Here we show that palmitoylation of STING at the Golgi is essential ...

HIV-1-infected persons with HLA-B27 and -B57 alleles commonly remain healthy for decades without antiretroviral therapy. Properties of CD8+ T cells restricted by these alleles considered to confer disease protection in these individuals are elusive but important to understand and potentially elicit by vaccination. To address this, we compared CD8+ T cell function induced by HIV-1 immunogens and...