A three-page questionnaire was modified to a one-page format. Questionnaires were administered in classroom groups to 300 middle school students. Classrooms were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving the original three-page format and the other receiving a single-page version of the same questionnaire. The visual layout of the two versions was different, and included variat...

OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptoms Score. METHODS The prospective study was conducted at Indus Hospital, Karachi, from January to April 2014, and comprised interviews of subjects at baseline and at 2 weeks for assessing the test-retest reliability. Patients presenting with lower urinary track symptoms and who were able to read Urdu were r...

The purpose of this study are to construct the College Life Anxiety Scale for measuring the level of college students' anxiety and to examine its reliability and validity. After collecting items about the anxiety in college life, factor analysis was performed on the data obtained from 2,782 college students. The result, firstly, showed that the College Life Anxiety Scale consisting of 30 items ...

Considering the importance of assessing nurses' helping relationship skills, it was necessary to use reliable and context-adapted instruments. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Helping Relationship Skills Inventory (Inventário de Competências Relacionais de Ajuda, ICRA), by conducting reliability and validity studies to increase the level of conf...

The objective of the present study was to develop a scale that is appropriate for use internationally to measure affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions of student engagement. Psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data of 3,420 students (7th, 8th, and 9th grade) from 12 countries (Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, ...

The Parentification Inventory (PI; Hooper, 2009) was developed to retrospectively assess various levels of parentification (whereby children take on caregiving and parental roles, responsibilities, and relationships reserved for adults). This study examined the underlying factor structure of the first Spanish version of the PI with a sample of 231 South American Latina/o college students. The r...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to study the stability internal consistency factor structure, and convergent and discriminate validity of the Hogan Empathy Scale (EM) when used longitudinally with occupational therapy students. METHOD More than 300 occupational therapy students completed the EM once; 192 completed it twice over a 12-month interval; and 56 completed a third administ...

BACKGROUND There is variation in the number of response alternatives used within health-related questionnaires. This study compared a four-and a five-point scale version of the Norwegian Function Assessment Scale (NFAS) by evaluating data quality, internal consistency and validity. METHODS All inhabitants in seven birth cohorts in the Ullensaker municipality of Norway were approached by means...

Twenty-seven statements make up the Technological Caring Instrument (TCI) which was developed to measure technological caring in nursing. In order to establish a database and its reliability and validity, responses were generated from 193 professional nurses who participated in the study. The results indicate that the TCI has a high internal consistency, construct validity, and sufficient split...

The aim of this methodological study was to translate, culturally adapt and assess the internal consistency and validity of the Spanish version of the "Spirituality Questionnaire". The sample comprised 204 young people between 18 and 25 years of age from two universities in Bogotá. Cronbach's Alpha was used for reliability, while groups of experts and young people were used for construct validi...