When a transformer is energized the phenomenon of magnetizing inrush current occurs and causes a pseudo tripping signal to the differential relay which leads to the problem of mal operation or false tripping of the relay. In order to avoid this false tripping of the differential relay and for safe operation of the transformer the distinction of inrush current with internal fault current is very...

A growing number of connected objects, with their high performance and low-resources constraints, are embedding lightweight ciphers for protecting the confidentiality of the data they manipulate or store. Since those objects are easily accessible, they are prone to a whole range of physical attacks, one of which are fault attacks against for which countermeasures are usually expensive to implem...

Multi-microgrid has many new characteristics, such as bi-directional power flows, flexible operation modes and variable fault currents with different control strategy of inverter interfaced distributed generations (IIDGs). All these featuring aspects pose challenges to multi-microgrid protection. In this paper, current and voltage characteristics of different feeders are analyzed when fault occ...

-The internal properties within and adjacent to fault zones are reviewed, principally on the basis of laboratory, borehole, and seismic refraction and reflection data. The deformation of rocks by faulting ranges from intragrain microcracking to severe alteration. Saturated microcracked and mildly fractured rocks do not exhibit a significant reduction in velocity, but, from borehole measurements...

This note1 describes a software-implemented Fault Injection system (Fig. 1) suited to be used with embedded microprocessor-based boards and based on some features available in the most recent microprocessors and microcontrollers. Although these features were originally introduced to easy code development and debugging, they are very well suited for supporting the implementation of efficient and...

In this paper, we define a formal approach for translating internal tests derived for a component embedded within a modular system into external tests defined over the external observable alphabets of the system. The system is represented as two communicating complete deterministic finite state machines, an embedded component machine to be tested and a context machine that represents the remain...

We propose a fault-tolerant algorithm for synchronizing both state and rate of clocks in a distributed system. This algorithm is based on rounds, uses our fault-tolerant Optimal Precision (OP) convergence function as the means of synchronization, and maintains a collection of intervals to keep track of real-time, internal global time, and clock rates. The analysis shows that the interlocking be...

This paper proposes a new algorithm for blocking the operation of Indirect Symmetrical Phase Shift Transformer (ISPST) differential relay when subjected to different operating conditions except internal fault condition. The proposed algorithm is amalgamation of Phase angle shift (PAS) threshold and Optimal Radial Basis Function Neural Network (ORBFNN). PAS between source and load side currents ...

The internal structure and petrophysical property distribution of fault zones are commonly exceedingly complex compared to the surrounding host rock from which they are derived. This in turn produces highly complex fluid flow patterns which affect petroleum migration and trapping as well as reservoir behavior during production and injection. Detailed rendering and forecasting of fluid flow insi...

That faults are of fundamental importance in petroleum systems cannot be stressed enough. The role the faults play, however, is complicated by their dual nature as fluid seals and conduits. Understanding a fault’s behavior demands extensive knowledge of its past geologic history, core samples, pressure measurements, and well logs. Further complicating matters, the sealing capacity of a fault us...