The elastic-plastic behavior of the material is considered to analyze the effect of an external circumferential crack on a pipe with thickness transition and double slopes. Using the extended finite element method (XFEM), the J-integral of 3D cracks were investigated and compared between straight pipes and pipes with thickness transition and different slopes. Considering internal press...

The present work deals with the effect of an external circumferential elliptical crack located at thickness transition on a varied stepped diameter pipe . The purpose is the application of the extended finite element method (XFEM) for the calculation of SIF at the thickness transition region of pipe considering internal pressure and compare the effect of the crack between pipes straight and wi...

Since the early days of the transition-state theory of Eyring, Evans and Polanyi,' the fleeting nature of the state as the reaction proceeds from reagents to products has been known. The lifetime of the state is typically s, and hence to observe these transition states in real time the temporal resolution must be on the femtosecond scale. Progress has been made in probing transition states of e...

We discuss the line shape for an internal state transition for bosonic atoms confined as a one-dimensional gas, using a method by Haldane. Typical line shape is an edge singularity due to the absence of Bose-Einstein condensation in such systems.

Excitation of tert-butylnitrite into the first and second UV absorption bands leads to efficient dissociation into the fragment radicals NO and tert-butoxy in their electronic ground states P and E, respectively. Velocity distributions and angular anisotropies for the NO fragment in several hundred rotational and vibrational quantum states were obtained by velocity-map imaging and the recently ...

We report on recent progress in the study of infinite transition systems for which interesting properties (like reachability of designated states) can be checked algorithmically. Two methods for the generation of such models are discussed: the construction from simpler models via operations like unfolding and synchronized product, and the internal representation of state spaces by regular sets ...

We discuss a novel cold dark matter candidate which is formed from the ordinary quarks during the QCD phase transition when the axion domain wall undergoes an unchecked collapse due to the tension in the wall. If a large number of quarks is trapped inside the bulk of a closed axion domain wall, the collapse stops due to the internal Fermi pressure. In this case the system in the bulk, may reach...

Transition state theory (TST) 1 is the most widely used theory for calculating rates of bimolecular eactions occurring in the gas phase and in condensed phases. TST is also incorporated into the widely used RRKM theory for unimolecular reactions. The popularity of TST is largely due to its simplicity and its usefulness for correlating trends in reaction rates in terms of easily interpreted quan...

Basic concepts of classical dynamics are analysed in the simple mathematical setting of state transition systems, where both time and space are discrete, and no structure is assumed on the state space besides a binary transition relation. This framework proves useful to the dynamical analysis of computations and biomolecular processes. Here a relational formulation of this framework is presente...

In terms of the concepts of state and state transition, a new heuristic random search algorithm named state transition algorithm is proposed. For continuous function optimization problems, four special transformation operators called rotation, translation, expansion and axesion are designed. Adjusting measures of the transformations are mainly studied to keep the balance of exploration and expl...