BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to design and measure psychometrics of mothers' lifestyle scale during pregnancy with regards to Iranians' cultural norms and an approach to social determinants. METHOD this study, started by reviewing previous studies and exploring similar questionnaires that examine different domains of lifestyle (nutrition, exercising, self-care, smo...

Recent Bauschinger-type tests conducted on a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel highlights the important contribution of internal stresses to work hardening [1]. Along this line we present Bauschinger experiments in a Fe-22Mn wt.%-0.6C wt.% TWIP steel. The mechanical behaviour upon load reversal shows transient and permanent softening effects. Determination of the internal stress from the...

We study the internal dynamical processes taking place in a granular packing below yield stress. At all packing fractions and down to vanishingly low applied shear, a logarithmic creep is observed. The experiments are analyzed using a viscoelastic model which introduces an internal, time-dependent, fluidity variable. For all experiments, the creep dynamics can be rescaled onto a unique curve wh...

A two dimensional deformation due to internal heat source in a thermoelastic solid with microtemperatures under the dependence of modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity on reference temperature has been studied. A mechanical force of constant magnitude is applied at the free surface of thermoelastic half space. The normal modes technique has been applied to obtain the exact expressions ...

efficiency and effectiveness are two effective concepts in performance evaluation of each organization toward reaching to goals with minimum resource consumption. so, this research aims consideration of relationships between behavioral dimensions of job or that is called the topic of organizational behavior or psychology including job stress, job satisfaction, and job interest and job rotation ...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a diagnosis related to the past. Pre-traumatic stress reactions, as measured by intrusive involuntary images of possible future stressful events and their associated avoidance and increased arousal, have been overlooked in the PTSD literature. Here we introduce a scale that measures pre-traumatic stress reactions providing a clear future-oriented parallel to the...

To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be overcome. Here, we discuss a variant of the standard stress paradigm, which results in anhedonia. This anhedonic state was defined by a...