Myelinating Schwann cells regulate the localization of ion channels on the surface of the axons they ensheath. This function depends on adhesion complexes that are positioned at specific membrane domains along the myelin unit. Here we show that the precise localization of internodal proteins depends on the expression of the cytoskeletal adapter protein 4.1G in Schwann cells. Deletion of 4.1G in...

Myelin, made by oligodendrocytes, is essential for rapid information transfer in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) receive glutamatergic synaptic input from axons but how this affects their development is unclear. Murine OPs in white matter express AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits GluA2, GluA3 and GluA4. We generated mice in which OPs lack both GluA2 and GluA3, or all t...

Abstract The propagation techniques of robusta coffee by cutting can be accelerated the application plant growth-promoting hormones. This study is to determine efficacy phytohormone-producing isolates on growth two-segment Robusta coffee. was conducted using a non-factorial completely randomized design with 2 replications. treatments consist control, synthetic IBA (Rooton-f) three dilution conc...

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar IPB CP1 is suitable as a raw material for the potato chip industry. plants are sensitive to various abiotic stresses such drought, aluminium and salinity, which induce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS very toxic plant cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) one of enzymes that catalyse H2O2 O2. This study aimed establish transgenic cv. containing MmCuZn‐SOD g...

In the peripheral nerve trunks of vertebrates, the distance between the nodes of Ranvier is normally greater on fibres of larger diameter than on those of smaller size (Ranvier, 1875; Key and Retzius, 1876). At the time of myelination during development , internodal length is uniformly short, the nodes being spaced about 150 to 300 ,u apart. Each inter-node represents the territory of an indivi...

Most of the research on Phragmites australis is restricted to sites on the European continent even though P. australis occurs abundantly in many regions in the Asian and other continents under different climatic and habitat conditions. The populations used in this study were collected from different parts of Iran. All these populations were grown in the same conditions in experimental field, lo...

The effects of aging on myelinated nerve fibers of the central nervous system are complex. Many myelinated nerve fibers in white matter degenerate and are lost, leading to some disconnections between various parts of the central nervous system. Other myelinated nerve fibers are affected differently, because only their sheaths degenerate, leaving the axons intact. Such axons are remyelinated by ...

Axons in the PNS and CNS are ensheathed by multiple layers of tightly compacted myelin membranes. A series of cytoplasmic channels connect outer and inner margins of PNS, but not CNS, myelin internodes. Membranes of these Schmidt-Lantermann (S-L) incisures contain the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) but not P(0) or proteolipid protein (PLP), the structural proteins of compact PNS (P(0)) an...

The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that is selectively expressed by myelin-forming cells. A developmentally regulated, alternative splicing of a single MAG transcript produces two MAG polypeptides (72 and 67 kD) in the central nervous system (CNS). MAG occurs predominantly as the 67-kD polypeptide in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). T...