The combination of inventory management and vehicle routing decisions yields a difficult combinatorial optimization problem called the Inventory-Routing Problem (IRP). This problem arises when both types of decisions must be taken jointly, which is the case in vendor-managed inventory systems. The IRP has received significant attention in recent years. Several heuristic and exact algorithms are...

Software development for High Performance (paral-lel/distributed) Computing (HPC) is a non-trivial process ; its complexity can be primarily attributed to the increased degrees of freedom that have to be resolved and tuned in such an environment. Performance prediction tools enable a developer to evaluate various available design alternatives and can assist in HPC application software developme...

This paper discusses how an interpretive theory of action was explored and developed through iterative cycles of grounded theory generation. We establish our motivation for employing the grounded theory method in an area that is overflowing with theories of learning, then move on to the practicalities of generating an interpretive grounded theory by following the "vapor trails" left by online l...

OBJECTIVES International reference pricing (IRP) refers to the benchmarking of pharmaceutical prices in one or several other markets when setting or negotiating country-level prices. This policy instrument has been used extensively by payers around the world to regulate pharmaceuticals prices within their jurisdictions. The objective of this research was to characterise the frequency and nature...

nowadays, due to the competitive conditions of global market, corporations try to outsource their extraneous processes to third-party suppliers. so, selecting a proper supplier play a significant role in organization success. the supplier selection problem can be viewed as a group decision-making problem with multiple criteria. since in previous researches the inter relationship between criteri...

The intracellular distribution and diffusivity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was studied by cryomicrodissection of individual Rana pipiens oocytes. We measured ATP concentrations in the nucleus, in animal and vegetal hemisphere cytoplasm, and in an intracellular reference phase (iRP, a microinjected gelatin "organelle") which samples diffusive ATP. Regional concentrations were not equal: nucl...

The posttranscriptional control of iron uptake, storage, and utilization by iron-responsive elements (IREs) and iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) provides a molecular framework for the regulation of iron homeostasis in many animals. We have identified and characterized IREs in the mRNAs for two different mitochondrial citric acid cycle enzymes. Drosophila melanogaster IRP binds to an IRE in the 5...

Glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5) deficiency has previously been identified as a cause of anemia in a zebrafish model and of sideroblastic anemia in a human patient. Here we report that GLRX5 is essential for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and the maintenance of normal mitochondrial and cytosolic iron homeostasis in human cells. GLRX5, a mitochondrial protein that is highly expressed in erythroid cells,...