background & aim: low back pain is broadly documented as one of the most widespread pathologies in the advanced domain. although the reasons of low back pain are uncountable, it has been meaningfully related to intervertebral disc degeneration. present therapies for intervertebral disc (ivd) degeneration such as physical therapy and spinal fusion reduce symptoms' severity, but do not treat the ...

STUDY DESIGN Collagen fiber orientation analysis in moderately degenerated human cadaveric annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue samples. OBJECTIVE Little is known about the changes in tissue architecture during early degeneration of intervertebral disks (IVDs). As collagen organization strongly affects the disk function, the objective of this study was to quantify the AF collagen orientation and its ...

Procedural sedation in children and adolescents is becoming increasingly employed to facilitate successful diagnostic imaging studies. Keeping the patient adequately sedated yet easily arousable can be of utmost importance during image-guided diskography. Dexmedetomidine provides an adequate level of sedation for diagnostic imaging studies. This sedation is unique in that the patients are sedat...

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that gymnasts have a high prevalence of radiological abnormalities, such as intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) and anterior limbus vertebra (ALV). These 2 abnormalities may coexist at the same spinal level. However, the relationship between IDD and ALV remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS A significant relationship exists between IDD a...

End plates serve as the interface between rigid vertebral bodies and pliant intervertebral disks. Because the lumbar spine carries significant forces and disks don't have a dedicated blood supply, end plates must balance conflicting requirements of being strong to prevent vertebral fracture and porous to facilitate transport between disk cells and vertebral capillaries. Consequently, end plates...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accurate identification of the NP in MR images is crucial to properly and objectively assess the intervertebral disk. Therefore, computerized segmentation of the NP in T2WI is necessary to produce repeatable and accurate results with minimal user input. MATERIAL AND METHODS A semiautomated CS method was developed to identify the NP in T2WI on the basis of intensity diff...

PURPOSE To test in vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the human intervertebral disk (IVD). METHODS The feasibility of MRE in IVD was demonstrated in ex vivo bovine disks. Sixteen asymptomatic volunteers underwent multifrequency MRE of the lumbar spine (IVD L3/4 and L4/5, n = 32) using a posterior plate transducer connected to a loudspeaker and operated at five frequencies from 50 t...

Since the 1500s, Mayan language and glyphic systems have been romanticized by Eurocentric interpretations. In recent years, many anthropological works have perpetuated these myths by presenting inaccurate analyses of Maya linguistics. Rather than showing the Maya as an advance and civilized people, these texts promoted a weak, barbarous Maya who could be easily manipulated by European culture, ...