Although exogenous administration of beta-endorphin to the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC) had been shown to produce antinociception, the role of endogenous beta-endorphin of the ARC in nociceptive processing has not been studied directly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endogenous beta-endorphin in the ARC on nociception in rats with carrageenan-induced infl...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays an important role in pain modulation at different levels in the central nervous system. In the brain, NPY and NPY receptors distribute abundantly in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC), a structure involved in pain processing. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of NPY in nociceptive modulation in the ARC of intact rats and rats with carrage...

Abstract We investigate how the mechanical properties of intra‐oceanic arcs affect collision style and associated stress‐strain evolution with buoyancy‐driven models subduction that accurately reproduce dynamic interaction lithosphere mantle. performed a series simulations only varying effective arc thickness as it controls buoyancy arcs. Our spontaneously evolve into two contrasting styles are...

There is a clear bias in the literature on island ecology towards terrestrial rather than marine systems, which have remained comparatively poorly studied. Marine populations are typically open, and local production may have little impact on local recruitment, such that long-distance dispersal is an important determinant of population ecology. Since oceanic islands form discrete patches of habi...

Dennis J. O’Dowd*, Peter T. Green† and P. S. Lake School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia †Present address: c/-CSIRO, PO Box 780, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Islands can serve as model systems for understanding how biological invasions affect community structure and ecosys...

Abstract The process of continental growth and closure the Paleo‐Asian Ocean are controversial. To address this problem, we report new geochemical geochronological data granitic rocks along a N‐S corridor Dananhu arc. These yield 401–270 Ma U‐Pb zircon ages. arc‐related granites enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), Rb, Ba, Th, Sr Pb, but depleted Nb Ta, have high zircons values ε Hf (t...

Parasite diversity on remote oceanic archipelagos is determined by the number and timing of colonizations and by in situ diversification rate. In this study, we compare intra-archipelago diversity of two hemosporidian parasite genera, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon, infecting birds of the Mascarene archipelago. Despite the generally higher vagility of Plasmodium parasites, we report a diversity o...

The activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) is an immediate early gene that has been widely implicated in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and is believed to play an integral role in synapse-specific plasticity. Here, we examined the role of Arc/Arg3.1 in amygdala-dependent Pavlovian fear conditioning. We first examined the regulation of Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA and prot...

In the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC), galaninergic fibers form synaptic contacts with proopiomelanocortin neurons, which are involved in pain modulation. The present study assessed the role of exogenous and endogenous galanin in the modulation of nociception in the ARC of rats. The hindpaw withdrawal latency (HWL) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was assessed by the hot-plate test ...