‘I fact, just about everything that was taught as recently as ten years ago about granitic magmatism has been turned on its head.’1 So concludes John Clemens in his overview paper about the origin of granite, published in the UK in the Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association. In his introduction to Clemens’s paper and the accompanying discussion, editorial board member W.J. French explains t...

T he introduction of the transradial approach has raised vascular access to a level of refinement unforeseen by the pioneers of cardiac catheterization, who relied on direct left ventricular puncture or transbronchial left atrial catheterization to make hemodynamic measurements in the 1950s (1). With the advent of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the late 1970s, interventional cardio...

The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing in several developed countries and the increase will likely continue for some decades. This is due to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which peaked in the 1950s to 1980s. In some developing countries, the incidence of primary liver cancer has decreased, possibly as a result of the introduction of hepatitis B ...

Introduction: Since the 1950s, air travel has grown exponentially. In 2018, the number of international air passengers was estimated at 4.1 billion. Air travel exposes the passenger to a number of constraints (like physical constraints, stress) that can be correlated and lead to an inflight medical event, especially for passengers with chronic conditions or fragile health.<br /...

Introduction Charles P. Snow building upon his 1950s critique of the separation of two cultures of science and humanities said later “If you are going to have a scientist in a position of isolated power, the only scientist amongst non-scientists, it is dangerous whoever he is” (Snow, 1962:118). Sir Charles went on to suggest that for intelligent and highly placed non-scientists to believe in a ...

St. Louis encephalitis virus has had a fascinating history in Florida. The was introduced into the Miami area early 1950s. This introduction resulted two human outbreaks, one 1952 and second 1958. Three urban SLE epidemics were reported Tampa Bay 1959, 1961, 1962. virtually disappeared from state until 1977 when widespread rural epidemic 20 Florida counties with 110 confirmed cases. An almost i...

Derivative spectroscopy uses first or higher derivatives of absorbance with respect to wavelength for qualitative analysis and for quantification. The concept of derivatizing spectral data was first introduced in the 1950s, when it was shown to have many advantages. However, the technique received little attention primarily because of the complexity of generating derivative spectra using early ...

by Philip S. Holzman Investigations into the biology of schizophrenia and of the affective disorders have yielded valuable information about psychotic conditions. Two events have sparked this progress. The first was the introduction of the phenothiazines and the mood-altering drugs in the early 1950s, an event that produced testable biological theories about the drugs' action. The second was th...